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Page 254                                                                Shi et al. Art Int Surg 2024;4:247-57  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ais.2024.17


























































                Figure 3. Qualitative comparison of predicted depth map on the SCARED dataset between our method with SOTA depth estimation
                methods. For visualization and evaluation purposes, the ground-truth depth values are scaled. SCARED: Stereo correspondence and
                reconstruction of endoscopic data; SOTA: state-of-the-art.



               Figure 5 illustrates an example of 3D surface reconstruction using the predicted depth of our method over
               Lite-Mono and AF-SfMLearner. When analyzing the reconstruction in Figure 5, it is evident that visual
               distortions or errors exist at the edges of objects, making it challenging to accurately represent spatial
               relationships between objects. This difficulty is particularly pronounced at the edges or transitions between
               different regions, but in the depth map visualization shown in Figure 3, these interpolation artifacts may not
               be visible. Our model results provided a greatly superior surface prediction outcome, which is crucial
               because the reconstruction outcomes reflect a major true objective of monocular depth estimation.
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