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Liu et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023008 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.31 Page 11 of 13

Figure 8. (A) U and (B) η of different regions of the 0-2-0 sample tested with different electric fields. (C) Radar plots of pure
dis
polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), 2 wt% monolayer 0.55Bi Na TiO -0.45(Sr Bi )TiO (BNT-BST)/PVDF and trilayer 0-2-0
3
0.5
0.5
3
0.7
0.2
sample. (D) Overdamped discharge curves. (E) Time dependence of W with different electric fields of the 0-2-0 sample. (F) Variation
d
rule of W with time for pure PVDF and the 0-2-0 sample at 400 kV/mm.
d
DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conception, design, writing and editing: Liu Y, Luo H, Zhang D
Materials synthesis and structural characterizations: Liu Y, Zhou X, Jiang X
Data analysis and interpretation: Liu Y, Xie H, Xiao Z, Wang F
All authors contributed to the manuscript and were involved in discussion.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
The authors acknowledge the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52172265 and
52002404), Scientific research project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (21B0009), Hunan
Excellent Youth Science Foundation (2022JJ20067), The science and technology innovation Program of
Hunan Province(2022RC1074), Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Program
(2023CXQD010) and State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha,
China.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.