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Morgan et al. Vessel Plus 2020;4:6 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2019.32 Page 11 of 14

cardiac surgery is not a practical option for many patients with TR, due to the prevalence of comorbid
conditions; computational modeling allows development and testing of novel devices for percutaneous
repair, potentially reaching a greater population of patients with TR. Third, and beyond the scope of this
review, the realm of congenital cardiac surgery involves treatment of patients with a broad spectrum of
valvular and ventricular disease; the opportunity to model such repairs in-silico prior to operating on an
individual patient provides for customization of patient-specific repair types with deeper understanding of
their immediate and long-term mechanical effects.

DECLARATIONS

Authors’ contributions
Primary author, manuscript design, preparation, editing: Morgan AE
Author of the section “Clinical Impact of TR”: Howell K
Contributed to the tricuspid anatomy and background sections: Chen S
Figure designs and original drawings: Serrone RO
Contributed to cardiac imaging and computational modeling sections: Zheng Y
Contributed to cardiac imaging and computation modeling sections, figures: Wang VY
Contributed to echocardiography and imaging sections: Kim JJ
Contributed to anatomy and background sections, intraoperative images: Grossi E
Surgical approach and future directions: Selzman CH
Contributed to modeling section: Guccione JM
Surgical approach and future directions: Sharma V
Modeling and future directions: MacLeod R
Senior author, oversight, editing, figure: Ratcliffe MB

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020.

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