Page 69 - Read Online

Bobronnikova Biomarker of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular remodeling

INTRODUCTION The role of Gal-3 has not yet been examined in large
cohorts of AH and type 2 DM patients, but according to
Despite the appreciable advancement in arterial single-case studies the plasma Gal-3 levels correlate
hypertension (AH) prevention and treatment, the with the prevalence of type 2 DM, AH and obesity. [19,20]
disease remains to be one of the most urgent problems
in cardiology. Commonly, AH accompanies pre- Thus, the goal of determining the effect of this biomarker
[1]
diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM), on the progression of dysglycemia and cardiovascular
important risk factors for cardiovascular complications. remodeling in patients with AH and comorbid type 2 DM
is attracting considerable interest in clinical practice.
Chronic hyperglycemia in AH patients with glucose
metabolism disorders and type 2 DM significantly The experiments herein studied the effect of Gal-3
contributes to the formation and progression of levels on the progression of metabolic disorders and
cardiovascular disease. Carbohydrate metabolism structural-functional changes in the myocardium and
[2]
disorders significantly increase risk of acute blood vessels of patients with concomitant AH and
cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction. type 2 DM.
[3]
A meta-analysis of large prospective studies
encompassing a total of 450,000 selected patients
demonstrated that the risk of coronary death is METHODS
increased 2-3 fold in patients with diabetes. Chronic Ninety-five patients with hypertension stage II grade
[4]
hyperglycemia not only directly promotes myocardial 2 (53 males and 42 females) were examined in the
lesions, but also exacerbates the negative effect of specialized Department of Arterial Hypertension and
other risk factors for cardiovascular pathology. It has Kidney Disease of State Institution (National Institute
[5]
been noted that the degree of impairment in myocardial of Therapy named after L.T. Malaya) of National
diastolic properties directly depends on the level of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The patients
glycated hemoglobin, which relates to the degree were distributed into the following groups: group 1 (n
of myocardium protein glycation [6] and deposition of = 32) included patients with AH, without carbohydrate
[7]
collagen in the myocardium with fibrosis. Furthermore, metabolism disorders; group 2 (n = 30), patients with
it is known that patients with carbohydrate metabolism AH and pre-diabetes; group 3 (n = 33), concomitant
disorders have higher left ventricular (LV) mass, even
in the absence of AH and heart disease. [8] AH and type 2 DM. The control group (n = 20) was
comparable by age and gender to each group of
Recently, new biomarkers that may reflect the examined patients. All the patients signed an informed
pathogenic process of insulin resistance and consent agreement to participate in the research.
consequent cardiovascular events have been identified.
[9]
One of those markers is galectin-3 (Gal-3). It belongs The exclusion criteria included the presence of
to the β-galactoside-binding proteins family. Due to severe somatic diseases such as kidney, liver, heart,
the presence of a collagenous domain in its structure, and respiratory failure, anamnestic evidence of
galectin can interact with a wide range of extracellular stroke, myocardial infarction, oncological diseases,
matrix proteins such as tenascin, fibronectin, and decompensated type 2 DM course according to
laminin. [10] Gal-3 is produced by numerous cells including World Health Organization criteria, female patients
neutrophils, macrophages, labrocytes, fibroblasts, and previously diagnosed with type 2 DM macrovascular
osteoclasts. Gal-3 is found in lungs, stomach, intestine complications, thyroid function disorders, primary familial
[11]
and uterus. [12] It was determined that Gal-3 is involved hypercholesterolemia, secondary hypertensions, and
in proliferation, macrophage chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pregnancy.
neutrophil transudation, oxidative stress, apoptosis,
angiogenesis, and associated with the development of AH diagnostics were performed according to the
insulin resistance. [13,14] In experimental studies using recommendations of the European Society of
different models of cardiovascular disease, Gal- Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology
3 has been implicated as an inducer of fibrosis and (ESH/ESC, 2013), as well as the Ukrainian Association
myocardial remodeling. [15,16] of Cardiology on prevention and treatment of
hypertension (2013). Anthropometric measurements
Recently, a single-case study demonstrated Gal-3 as included the calculation of body mass index (BMI) and
a mediator of development and progression of cardiac the degree of obesity according to the International
hypertrophy in patients with AH. [17] There are also Diabetes Federation criteria (2015). Type 2 DM was
data describing its impact on the formation of diastolic diagnosed according to the general recommendations
myocardial dysfunction. [18] of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
62 Vessel Plus ¦ Volume 1 ¦ June 27, 2017