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Wang et al. Adipokines in metabolism, and cardiovascular system

Physiology
Pathophysiology
CTRPs CTRPs

CTRP9 Heart CTRP9

Cardiomyocytes Cardiomyocytes
Adiponectin Adiponectin
CTRPs CTRPs
Adipocytes Adipocytes
Adipose tissue
CTRPs
CTRPs

Other cells Other cells

CTRPs

Vessel
Figure 2: Pathophysiology of CTRPs in cardiovascular system. CTRPs exerts protective effects in cardiovascular system in physiological
condition, but unbalanced levels of CTRPs in pathophysiological condition contributes to the development of cardiovascular relevant
disease. CTRPs: C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins

in response to alterations in energy state and predicting more reliable and accessible marker systemically,
changes in the metabolic circuit [21] . which may provide the best identification of individual
at risk for cardiovascular disorders and benefit to
Therefore, among the CTRPs, CTRP1 displays the prognosis and future treatment.
potential to serve as a marker and therapeutic target
in the vascular system and CTRP3 exhibits biomarker The alteration in levels of CTRPs is associated with
features in patients with diabetic-related PDR [45] . increased risks of cardiovascular event and reflect the
CTRP5 appears to have a greater potential to serve progression of CVDs. For better establishment of the
as a biomarker to predict the risks in PCI following the relationship between inflammation and CVDs, we will
clinical operations. address the recently discovered response of CTRPs
to inflammation in the cardiac and vascular systems,
CTRPS AND CARDIOVASCULAR respectively to lead the researchers to obtain in depth
INFLAMMATION understanding for the novel strategy for cardiovascular
risk.
Inflammation happens in the cardiac tissue and The levels and actions of circulating CTRPs (CTRP1,
vasculature as an injurious signal in response to the CTRP3, CTRP6, CTRP9, CTRP12 and CTRP13)
CVDs or risk factors including hypertension, smoking in normal subjects and diabetic patients have been
and diabetes. Those situations combined with examined in a cross- sectional clinical study which
metabolic dysfunction will amplify the harmful effects reveals that in chronic inflammatory condition.
to initiate chronic inflammatory reactions resulting CTRP1 and CTRP12 show opposite changes in the
in rupture, thrombosis and vulnerable plaque. Basic concentration, while CTRP3 may have a beneficial
research and epidemiological clinical studies showed effect on the prevention of vascular remodeling
that consistent association between parameters of through anti-inflammatory actions providing a
inflammation and risks of impending cardiovascular promising strategy for the therapy of vascular disease
event. Emerging advanced techniques can detect linked to obesity [42,24] . CTRP6, although it has no effect
locally occurring inflammation by means of screening on collagen or fibroblasts proliferation, does suppress

208 Vessel Plus ¦ Volume 1 ¦ December 28, 2017