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Echarte-Morales et al. Vessel Plus 2021;5:54 Vessel Plus
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2020.105

Review Open Access

Percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation

recurrence after mitral valve surgery

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Julio Echarte-Morales , Carlos Minguito-Carazo , Tomás Benito-González , Rodrigo Estévez-Loureiro ,
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Carmen Garrote-Coloma , Armando Pérez de Prado , Felipe Fernández-Vázquez 1
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Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of León, León 24071, Spain.
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Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo 36312, Spain.
Correspondence to: Dr. Tomás Benito-González, MD, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of León, Altos de Nava SN,
León 24071, Spain. E-mail: tomasbenito@outlook.com
How to cite this article: Echarte-Morales J, Minguito-Carazo C, Benito-González T, Estévez-Loureiro R, Garrote-Coloma C, Prado
APd, Fernández-Vázquez F. Percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation recurrence after mitral valve surgery. Vessel Plus
2021;5:54. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2020.105
Received: 9 Dec 2020 First Decision: 17 Mar 2021 Revised: 7 Apr 2021 Accepted: 21 Apr 2021 Published: 5 Nov 2021

Academic Editor: Manel Sabate Copy Editor: Xi-Jun Chen Production Editor: Xi-Jun Chen

Abstract
Mitral regurgitation is one of the most common cardiac valve disorders worldwide and the second most frequent
indication of cardiac surgery for heart valve disease. During the last decades, open-heart mitral valve repair and
replacement have been considered the sole and gold standard invasive therapy for this complex disorder. However,
a significant proportion of patients experiences recurrence of mitral regurgitation during long-term follow-up,
which entails an important increase in morbidity and mortality. In this scenario, percutaneous therapies to treat
mitral regurgitation have become an appealing alternative to conventional surgery given high risk for repeat
surgery. The present review describes current evidence of transcatheter mitral valve repair and replacement
therapies to treat mitral regurgitation recurrence after surgery.
Keywords: Mitral regurgitation, mitral valve repair, mitral valve replacement, percutaneous mitral valve repair,
transcatheter mitral valve replacement, valve-in-valve, valve-in-ring, percutaneous paravalvular leak closure

INTRODUCTION
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most common cardiac valve disorders in the developed world and
the second most frequent indication for cardiac surgery due to heart valve disease (HVD) . Depending on
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