Page 73 - Read Online

Page 8 of 16 Santos et al. Vessel Plus 2021;5:21 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2020.69

non-Inuit males and females
Norway
[54]
Siri et al. To assess and compare Cross-sectional 6004 participants; 5318 Between the Sami and non-Sami population of Northern Sami and non-Sami populations have a
(2018) cardiovascular risk factors and population-based survey; included (40.8% Sami) Norway, only minor differences were seen in the similar risk of either cerebral stroke or
the 10-year risk of myocardial 2012-2014 prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors acute myocardial infarction
infarction or stroke (using
[56]
NORRISK2 model) among
Sami and non-Sami populations
of Northern Norway
[38]
Siri et al. (2019) To describe the changes in Cross-sectional surveys - 6417 participants in Estimated 10-year risk of myocardial infarction and stroke Cholesterol, blood pressure and
[55]
cardiovascular risk factor profile SAMINOR 1 ; 2003- SAMINOR 1, 5956 declined in all strata of sex and ethnicity over this 10-year hypertension declined over time,
[54]
and risk of myocardial infarction 2004, SAMINOR 2 ; participants in SAMINOR 2 period (P < 0.001) leading to a reduced 10-year risk of
or stroke amongst the Sami and 2012-2014 cerebral stroke and acute myocardial
non-Sami population infarction in both groups
Taiwan
[57]
Hung et al. Comparison of demographic Prospective cohort study; 433 patients identified, 302 No difference in demographic profile (age, sex, social class, Traditional cardiovascular risk factors
(2016) details, conventional and single centre; 2007-2009 were Han Chinese (70%) marital status, body mass index) between groups. In both for stroke are similar but given betel
behavioural risk factors between and 131 were Taiwanese groups, hypertension was the most common risk factor. nut chewing correlates with
Taiwanese Aborigines and Han Aborigines (30%) The prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, high cardioembolic stroke; this should be
Chinese patients with stroke cholesterol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle was similar. Han considered in Taiwanese Aborigines
Chinese more likely to have diabetes than Taiwanese
Aborigines and less likely to have atrial fibrillation (P =
0.018), consume alcohol (P = 0.046) and betel nuts (P =
0.001)

CVD: Cardiovascular disease; NH: Native Hawaiians; PI: Pacific Islanders; NHPI: Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders; IS: ischaemic stroke; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; ICH: intracranial haemorrhage;
HTN: hypertension; IA: Indigenous Africans; AA: African Americans; EA: European Americans; RD: risk difference; HIS: Inuit Health Survey; CHMS: Canadian Health Measures Survey.

primary stroke centre 0.75 (CI: 0.62-0.88), showing that 25% fewer Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American or other received thrombolysis in comparison to
Whites.

In 2014 Kimball et al. also analysed the NIS database. Their retrospective study included 477,474 patients between 2002 and 2008 with ICD-9 codes for
[64]
ischemic stroke. Race was classified as White, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American, or Other. They did not combine Native
American with Other. They determined that race was independently associated with thrombolysis (OR: 0.59; 95%CI: 0.39-0.91; P = 0.0166). They also
determined that, relative to Whites, Native Americans were unlikely to be treated in a high-volume stroke centre (OR: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.65-0.83; P < 0.0001). They
comment that Native Americans are more likely to live in the remote “Four Corners region of the southwest United States and rural Oklahoma”.

Consequently, these patients are then less likely to receive thrombolysis as they are less likely to present to a large volume stroke centre within treatment
windows.