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Page 10 of 15               Ashenhurst et al. Vessel Plus 2024;8:3  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2023.90

               Table 3. Mid-term and long-term clinical results with MICS CABG
                                        Graft
                             Chest pain at        6-month   2-year freedom   2-year   10-year   10-year freedom
                Author, year  n  6 months  patency at   MACCE  from MACCE  survival  survival  from MACCE
                                        6 months
                Ruel et al.,   89 5 (6%)  151/165   0      -             -        -         -
                   [36]
                2013                    grafts
                                        (92%)
                Liang et al.,   172 -   401/436   3 (1.7%)  166 (96.5%)  167 (97.0%) -      -
                2022 [41,42]            grafts
                                        92%
                Guo et al.,   510 -     -         -        -             -        90.3 ± 2.1%  87.2 ± 2.1%
                   [65]
                2021
               MI: Myocardial infarction; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; MACCE: major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events.


               Table 4. Long-term functional results with MICS CABG
                      At 12 years (n = 566)          At the time of cross-sectional functional follow-up (n = 427)
                                                                                                 Incisional
                             Freedom  Cumulative                  Chronic                        issues
                Author,   Survival from   incidence of repeat   Any   Any   incisional   Any incisional   limiting
                year                                 angina dyspnea        numbness/hypersensitivity
                             MACCE   revascularization            pain                           daily
                                                                                                 activities
                Guo et   82.2 ±   75.5 ±   14.8 ± 2.5%  53   115   7 (1.6%)  27 (6.3%)           2 (0.5%)
                al.,   2.6%  2.0%                    (12.4%) (26.9%)
                   [18]
                2023
               MACCE: Major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events.



























                Figure 6. Repeat revascularization and repeat revascularization for graft failure cumulative incidence for patients who underwent
                minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting, accounting for death as a competing risk. Confidence Interval: 95%; Revasc: repeat
                revascularization; Graft-Revasc: revascularization for graft failure [18] .

               MVr group did have improved functional outcomes at 6 weeks. The primary outcome revealed there was no
               significant difference in the outcome 12 weeks postoperatively. They reported similar outcomes and
               durability between the MVr performed by sternotomy or thoracotomy at 1 year postoperatively. These
               results demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive MVr surgery with improved physical
               functioning at 6 weeks postoperatively, but not at 12 weeks. Early improvement in functioning potentially
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