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Ashenhurst et al. Vessel Plus 2024;8:3 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2023.90 Page 7 of 15

Table 2. Perioperative results with MICS CABG

Additional PCI
Average Average Conversion Perioperative New onset Deep
Author, year n number Complete length of to Use of Perioperative blood atrial Pleural wound intervention at the
of grafts revascularization stay sternotomy CPB mortality transfusion fibrillation effusion infection time of
hospitalization
[17] a
McGinn et al., 2009 450 2.1 ± 0.7 427 5.9 ± 3.4 17 (3.8%) 34 6 (1.3%) 96 (21.3%) 24.4% 9.1% 0 17 (3.8%)
(94.9%) (range 1- (7.6%)
86)
[20] b
Lapierre et al., 2011 150 1.8 ± 0.7 150 5 10 (6.7%) 28 0 13 (8.7%) 35 (23.3%) 22 0 5 (3.3%)
(100%) (range 2- (18.7) (14.7%)
60)
[45] b
Ruel et al., 2012 800 2.2 ± 0.8 - 4 25 (3.1%) 77 - - 18 (23.4%) - - -
(9.6%)
[36]
Ruel et al., 2013 89 2.3 ± 0.9 89 4 0 21 0 24 (26%) 15 (17%) 14 (15%) 0 -
(100%) (range 3- (23.6%)
9)
[24] a
Rabindranauth et al., 2014 129 2.1 ± 0.9 123 4.0 ± 1.3 1 (0.8%) 10 0 17 (13%) 26 (20.1%) 2 (1.5%) 0 3 (2.3%)
(95.3%) (7.7%)
[41] a
Liang et al., 2022 172 3.0 ± 0.8 172 6.2 ± 1.4 1 (0.6%) 3 (1.7%) 0 2 (1.2%) 35 (20.4%) - - -
(100%)
[18] a
Guo et al., 2023 566 - - 5.8 ± 4.2 25 (4.4%) 81 1 (0.2%, massive 20 (3.5%) 111 (19.6%) 8 0 35 (6.2%)
(14.3%) pulmonary (1.1%)
embolism at
discharge)

b
a indicates mean; indicates median.

gender, left ventricular function, and median number of distal anastomoses. The use of CPB assistance was more likely in MICS CABG than OPCAB and was

used in instances of hemodynamic instability or poor exposure over conversion to sternotomy and had no clinical implications. Complete revascularization
was achieved in all patients; however, five patients from each group required hybrid revascularization during their hospital stay. The MICS CABG patients had
a significantly lower transfusion rate and a significantly higher rate of pleural effusion in comparison to OPCAB groups. There was no statistical difference in
the other reported complications. On average, the OPCAB patients remained in the hospital for 1 day longer than MICS CABG patients and had higher wound

infection rates. Additionally, MICS CABG patients experienced no deep wound infection compared to the 6 (4.0%) OPCAB patients who did. Similar wound
infection rates have been consistently observed in the literature [17,41] .

Liang et al. compared the early outcomes between multivessel coronary bypass grafting by a sternotomy or a mini-thoracotomy in a retrospective single-center
[41]
study . From January 2017 to January 2020, 211 patients underwent MICS CABG and 371 underwent conventional OPCAB. Patients in the MICS CABG
group were propensity matched with a 1:1 ratio (MICS CABG = 172, OPCAB = 172) with those in the OPCAB group based on epidemiological data,
preoperative clinical characteristics, and SYNTAX score. Although MICS CABG surgery was associated with longer operative times, those patients who