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Figure 13. LM composite-based mobile soft robots. (A) Magnetic reprogrammable soft robots with three distinct locomotion modes [79] .
Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons; (B) LCE-LM-based soft robots. Reprinted with permission [57] . Copyright
2024, John Wiley and Sons; (C) Bistable electromagnetic actuator-based crawling and swimming soft robots [128] . Reprinted with
permission. Copyright 2023, John Wiley and Sons; (D) Rotary robot composed of 3D LM coils encapsulated in PDMS with position sensing
ability [125] . Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2024, Springer Nature; (E) A single electromagnetic robot with multimodal locomotion,
including walking, running, swimming, and jumping [123] . Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature; (F) Self-vectoring
electromagnetic soft robots with high operational dimensionality [124] . Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2023, Springer Nature. LM:
Liquid metal; LCE: liquid crystal elastomer; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane.
