Page 66 - Read Online

Page 4 of 36 Chen et al. Soft Sci. 2026, 6, 9

Figure 1. Schematic illustrations of preparation methods, magnetic manipulation, and soft robotic applications across four categorized
types of liquid metals (i.e., droplet, slurry, particle, and composite). Preparation methods including chemical [51] , mechanical [52] , and
patterning [53] . Reprinted with permission [51] . Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry; Reprinted with permission [52] . Copyright 2018,
John Wiley and Sons; Reprinted with permission [53] . Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry. Manipulation mechanisms including
magnet [54] , Lorentz force [55] and multi-field [56] . Reprinted with permission [54] . Copyright 2023, Springer Nature; Reprinted with
permission [55] . Copyright 2022, National Academy of Sciences; Reprinted with permission [56] . Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society.
Soft robots including composite [57] , particle [58] , slurry [59] and droplet [60] type. Reprinted with permission [57] . Copyright 2024, John Wiley and
Sons. Reprinted with permission [58] . Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society; Reprinted with permission [59] . Copyright 2021, John
Wiley and Sons; Reprinted with permission [60] . Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society. The elements shown in this figure are
representative examples intended to aid understanding and are not meant to be exhaustive.

Mechanical method
The mechanical method for preparing MLMs involves dispersing magnetic particles such as Fe, Fe O , and
4
3
neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) into LM through mechanical processes such as stirring , grinding ,
[61]
[46]
rolling , and sonication . This method is characterized by its simplicity, low cost, scalability, and the
[62]
[63]