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Figure 2. (A) Schematic diagram of the growth process of Ni@C@ZnO; (B) SEM image; (C, D) TEM plots. Reprinted with
permission [40] ; (E, F) SEM images; (G) 3D RL diagram of S2. Reprinted with permission [45] ; (H) The illustration of the synthesis strategy
of Co/MnO/CNTs, SEM plots for (I) MnO /ZIF-8 and (J) Co/MnO/CNTs; (K) The relationship between the RL and M with input
2
z
impedance. Reprinted with permission [46] ; (L) The illustration of synthesis strategy of N-GN; (M) SEM plots; (N) TEM images.
Reprinted with permission [47] ; (O) The SEM plots of NCNT/Ni Co /C, (P) RL min value of all samples. Reprinted with permission [37] ; (Q)
1
1
The illustration of synthesis strategy of CoNiFe-PBA/GO aerogel derivatives; (R) TEM images; (S) RL min value of S550. Reprinted with
permission [33] . RL: Reflection loss; CNT: Carbon nanotube; N-GN: N-doped porous graphene carbon nanonets; NCNT: N-doped CNT;
PBA: Prussian blue analog; GO: Graphene oxide; SEM: Scanning electron microscope; TEM: Transmission electron microscope.
The flower-like 3D structure enhances microwave energy loss by increasing microwave entry and extending
the transmission path. Hou et al. synthesized floral N-doped CNT (NCNT)/NiCo/C nanocomposites by
hydrothermal and vapor deposition processes using Bimetal-MOF as a precursor . The composites show a
[37]
porous flower-like structure, with CNTs uniformly distributed on the surface [Figure 2O]. The nanosheets
are interconnected by nanotubes to form a unique 3D conductive network. Moreover, CoNi nanoparticles
enhance the magnetic loss while forming a non-homogeneous interface. An optimal RL of -66.1 dB and
min
EAB of 4.64 GHz can be achieved at a Ni/Co ratio of 1:1 [Figure 2P].

Carbon-based aerogels are ideal for MAMs because of their porous interconnect structure, low density, and
good electrical conductivity. Three-dimensional aerogels can be constructed through the interfacial
coordination of MOF precursors and graphene sheets. Wei et al. first assembled graphene oxide (GO)
assisted by CoNiFe-Prussian Blue Analog (PBA) nano-cubes, then heat-treated to successfully fabricate
CoNiFe-PBA/GO aerogel derivatives [Figure 2Q] . The square PBA derivatives were uniformly distributed
[33]
in graphene oxide flakes [Figure 2R]. N-doped graphene oxide flakes produced abundant polarization loss.
Furthermore, NiFe/CoFe nanoparticles encapsulated in defective carbon would form non-homogeneous
interfaces and continuous conductive networks. Therefore, they exhibit strong RL and wide EAB in both the