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Page 6 of 27 He et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:37 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.32

Table 1. Two preparation methods of MOFs-based hydrogels and their advantages and disadvantages
Synthetic Advantages Limitations
method
Direct mixing - Simple and easy to execute, no complex synthesis - Poor interfacial viscosity between MOFs and hydrogels may
steps required affect material properties
- Rapid sample preparation - Difficult to control uniform distribution of MOFs in hydrogels
- May weaken interactions between MOFs and hydrogels,
impacting performance
In-situ growth - Achieves strong integration of MOFs and hydrogels, - Requires more complex synthesis steps and conditions
enhancing stability - May involve toxic reagents or catalysts
- Enables control over distribution and morphology of - Difficult to achieve specific structures or morphologies in MOF-
MOFs based hydrogels
- Material properties can be tuned during preparation

MOFs: Metal-organic frameworks.

Figure 2. The illustration of classification and function of MOF and hydrogel materials. Reproduced with permission from ref [44] .
[45]
Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2006 Slovensko Kemijsko Drustvo.
[46] [47]
Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2018 Royal Society of Chemistry. Reproduced with permission from ref .
[48]
Copyright 2020 Royal Society of Chemistry. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2017 Royal Society of Chemistry.
[49] [50]
Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society. Reproduced with permission from ref .
[51]
Copyright 2022 Elsevier. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 Elsevier. MOF: Metal-organic framework.
Direct incorporation of pre-synthesized MOFs into a hydrogel matrix
Directly incorporating pre-synthesized MOFs into a hydrogel matrix provides a flexible strategy for creating
advanced composite materials with customized properties. As shown in Figure 3, in one modality of this
method, prior to the initiation of gelation, MOF crystals are carefully synthesized and added to the