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Kim et al. Elasticum suspension

Table 3: Comparison of preoperation and postoperation measurements (mean ± SD)
Preoperation Postoperation Delta (%) P-value
Mental angle 97.2 ± 9.4 96.9 ± 9.1 0.1 ± 9.0 0.831
Angle (°)
Cervical angle 135.1 ± 15.6 126.9 ± 14.6 -5.5 ± 9.8 < 0.001
Gn-C 56.8 ± 17.4 62.1 ± 15.3 19.2 ± 47.1 0.125
Distance Gn-Li 52.5 ± 25.6 38.2 ± 9.5 -18.4 ± 25.5 < 0.001
C-T 36.3 ± 15.0 33.0 ± 11.4 0.2 ± 41.0 0.243
Gn-C/Gn-Li 1.2 ± 0.5 1.6 ± 0.2 62.8 ± 85.8 < 0.001
Ratio
C-T/Gn-C 0.7 ± 0.3 0.5 ± 0.2 -7.1 ± 45.1 0.007
Delta = (preoperation value - postoperation value)/pre-operation value. Gn: gonion-gnathion; C: cervical point; Li: labialeinferioris; T: thyroid
cartilage

Table 4: Angle changes and distance changes in SE group and SO group (mean ± SD)
SE SO P-value
Mental angle 0.1 ± 9.8 0.2 ± 6.8 0.283
ΔAngle
Cervical angle -5.9 ± 10.0 -4.6 ± 9.5 0.701
Gn-C 9.2 ± 43.0 47.8 ± 48.2 0.386
ΔDistance Gn-Li -8.4 ± 20.4 -46.8 ± 15.1 0.296
C-T 4.8 ± 45.2 -12.6 ± 22.0 0.027
Gn-C/Gn-Li 21.7 ± 41.6 179.4 ± 69.7 0.037
ΔRatio
C-T/Gn-C 3.6 ± 47.4 -37.4 ± 15.2 0.008
SE: suspension and excision; SO: suspension only; Gn: gonion-gnathion; C: cervical point; Li: labialeinferioris; T: visible thyroid cartilage;
ΔAngle: angle change ratio; ΔDistance, distance change ratio; ΔRatio: ratio change rate

The MA did not change significantly after the The C-T distance did not differ significantly
operation (97.2 ± 9.4° preoperatively vs. 96.9 ± 9.1° (36.3 ± 15.0% preoperatively vs. 33.0 ± 11.4%
postoperatively; P = 0.831, paired t-test). The angle postoperatively; P = 0.243, paired t-test), and the
change ratio (ACR) was 0.1 ± 9.0%. The ACR of the DCR was 0.2 ± 41.0%. The DCR of the C-T distance
MA did not differ significantly between the SE group was significantly greater (P = 0.027, paired t-test) in
(0.1 ± 9.8%) and the SO group (0.2 ± 6.8%) (P = 0.283, the SE group (4.8 ± 45.2%) than in the SO group (-12.6
paired t-test) [Tables 3 and 4]. ± 22.0%) [Tables 3 and 4].

The CA significantly decreased (P < 0.001, paired t-test) The Gn-C/Gn-Li ratio was significantly greater (P <
after the operation (135.1 ± 15.6° preoperatively vs. 0.001, paired t-test) after the operation (1.6 ± 0.2%)
126.9 ± 14.6° postoperatively). The ACR of the CA was than before the operation (1.2 ± 0.5%), and the ratio
-5.5 ± 9.8%. The ACR of the CA likewise did not differ change rate (RCR) was 62.8 ± 85.8%. The RCR of
significantly (P = 0.707, paired t-test) between the SE the Gn-C/Gn-Li ratio was significantly greater (P =
group (-5.9 ± 10.0%) and the SO group (-4.6 ± 9.5%) 0.037, paired t-test) in the SO group (179.4 ± 69.7%)
[Tables 3 and 4]. than the SE group (21.7 ± 41.6%) [Tables 3 and 4].

The Gn-C distance did not differ significantly after the The C-T/Gn-C ratio was significantly lower (P =
operation (56.8 ± 17.4% preoperatively vs. 62.1 ± 15.3% 0.007, paired t-test) postoperatively (0.5 ± 0.2%)
postoperatively; P = 0.125, paired t-test). The distance than preoperatively (0.7 ± 0.3%), and the RCR was
change ratio (DCR) was 19.2 ± 47.1%. The DCR of -7.1 ± 45.1%. The RCR of the C-T/Gn-C ratio was
Gn-C did not differ significantly (P = 0.083, paired t-test) significantly higher in the SE group (3.6 ± 47.4%) than
between the SE group (9.2 ± 43.0%) and the SO group in the SO group (-37.4 ± 15.2%) [Tables 3 and 4].
(47.8 ± 48.2%) [Tables 3 and 4].
Two complications were observed. In one patient,
The Gn-Li distance decreased significantly (52.5 ± 25.6% paralysis of the frontal branch of the facial nerve was
preoperatively vs. 38.2 ± 9.5% postoperatively; P < noticed. The thread was removed on postoperative
0.001, paired t-test). The DCR was -18.4 ± 25.5%, day (POD) 2, and the palsy exhibited recovery on
and the DCR of the Gn-Li distance did not differ POD 7. In the other case, a sialocele occurred due
significantly (P = 0.296, paired t-test) between the SE to Stenson’s duct folding caused by making the knot
group (-8.4 ± 20.4%) and the SO group (-46.8 ± 15.1%) under too much tension. The thread was loosened on
[Tables 3 and 4]. POD 3, and the swelling had subsided on POD 7.

Plastic and Aesthetic Research ¦ Volume 3 ¦ December 23, 2016 387