Page 63 - Read Online

drugs by dental practitioners in routine clinical practice, approached at various national events such as conferences
with no specific relation to oral implant surgery. and academic meetings and requested to provide the
required information. Inclusion criteria for the study
Although the role of NSAIDs and steroids has been very
beneficial in terms of pain relief, these drugs also have sample consisted of dental surgeons performing oral
an associated risk of side effects and adverse drug implant surgery and were willing to voluntarily complete
reactions. Since safe usage of drugs in clinical practice the questionnaire. All data was manually transferred from
[5]
entails maximizing the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing the survey forms to an electronic spreadsheet for further
the adverse effects, it is important to gain knowledge analysis.
of the pattern of use of these widely prescribed drugs
by dentists in order to minimize the possible risks RESULTS
associated with these drugs. [1‑4] The aim of our study was
therefore to assess the prescription pattern of analgesics Out of a total of 332 dentists that responded to the survey,
and anti‑inflammatory drugs during routine oral implant all study participants stated that they prescribed analgesic
surgery in normal healthy patients among Indian dentists. and anti‑inflammatory drugs for implant surgery to their
To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to be patients. Nine NSAIDs, acetaminophen (paracetamol) and
conducted in the Indian subcontinent. two semi‑synthetic opioid drugs were prescribed [Table 1].
Additionally, 33.7% (n = 112) participants prescribed
METHODS steroids in conjunction with NSAIDs [Table 2].
The most preferred prescription was the combination of
A structured questionnaire was developed to elicit ibuprofen and paracetamol (32.2%, n = 107) [Figure 1]. The
prescription preferences regarding analgesics and most commonly prescribed drugs were ibuprofen (44.3%,
anti‑inflammatory drugs prescribed for routine oral n = 147) and diclofenac (33.7%, n = 112). Paracetamol
implant surgery in the normal healthy patients and the was prescribed by 54.2% (n = 180) of the dentists,
protocol(s) followed. Dental surgeons were personally however, all of these dentists prescribed paracetamol

Table 1: Profile of analgesic and anti‑inflammatory drug prescription by dentists performing oral implant surgery
Drug name n Drug name used Protocol Route Additional Unrelated
steroid drugs
Generic Trade name Both Peri Post SOS Oral IM IV prescription prescribed
Ibuprofen+PCM 107 34 66 7 37 70 23 107 0 0 19 29
Diclofenac 67 50 13 4 23 44 16 67 7 3 26 15
Diclofenac+PCM 45 26 13 6 23 22 9 45 0 0 7 24
Ibuprofen 40 31 8 1 18 22 9 40 0 0 13 9
NSAIDs (unspecified) 28 28 0 0 5 23 9 28 2 0 6 0
Ketorolac 22 1 21 0 4 18 4 22 1 0 7 8
Piroxicam 18 11 4 3 8 10 2 18 0 0 5 6
Tramadol 14 9 1 4 3 11 2 14 2 4 9 12
Aceclofenac+PCM 14 8 4 2 7 7 2 14 0 0 8 8
Nimesulide+PCM 12 3 9 0 6 6 6 12 0 0 2 4
Nimesulide 10 7 3 0 1 9 0 10 0 0 3 3
Aceclofenac 9 9 0 0 1 8 4 9 0 0 4 9
Dextropropoxyphene 5 0 5 0 2 3 2 5 0 0 0 0
Tramadol+PCM 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0
Etoricoxib 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 2
Aspirin 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0
Mefenamicacid+PCM 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
Total 222 144 27 18 140 253 86 393 12 7 112
PCM: Paracetamol, Peri: Peri‑operative, Post: Post‑operative route, PO: Per oral, IV: Intra venous, IM: Intra muscular, NSAIDs: Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory
drugs, SOS: Stat on symptoms

Table 2: Profile of steroid drug prescription by dentists performing oral implant surgery
Drug name n Drug name used Protocol Route
Generic Trade name Both Pre Peri Post Oral IM IV
Prednisolone 33 28 5 0 3 7 23 107 0 0
Dexamethasone 57 42 15 0 19 2 36 67 7 3
Hydrocortisone 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 45 0 0
Betamethasone 20 9 11 0 10 3 7 40 0 0
Total 112 81 31 0 34 12 66 28 2 0
Pre: Pre‑operative, Peri: Peri‑operative, Post: Post‑operative, Route: PO: Per oral, IV: Intra venous, IM: Intra muscular
52 Plast Aesthet Res || Vol 2 || Issue 2 || Mar 13, 2015