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Pandey et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2021;8:47 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2021.61 Page 9 of 12

CONCLUSION
With recent technical refinements in LVA and the evolution of VLVT as a safer alternative to VLNT,
outcomes of lymphedema surgery have dramatically improved. The encouraging results of LVA in
advanced lymphedema have unveiled its unrealized potential while creating an overlap with the indications
of VLVT/VLNT. Though more invasive than LVA, VLVT remains a valuable modality and should be
investigated further.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conception and design of the paper: Chen WF
Manuscript writing: Pandey SK, Fahradyan VF, Orfahli LM, Chen WF
Final approval of manuscript: Pandey SK, Fahradyan VF, Orfahli LM, Chen WF

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Written informed consent for publication of de-identified images was obtained.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021.

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