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Page 155 Millien et al. One Health Implement Res 2023;3:148-60 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2023.37

Table 1. Rabies case status by animal species and department, Haiti ( January 2013 - December 2017) [9,23]

All rabies suspected animals Dogs Cats Livestock Other
Departments Total Probable Confirmed Total Probable Confirmed Total Probable Confirmed Total Probable Confirmed Total Probable Confirmed
n n % n % n n % n % n n % n % n n % n % n n % n %

Artibonite 1,032 55 5.3% 9 0.9% 999 51 5.1% 9 0.9% 18 1 5.6% 0 0.0% 13 3 23.1% 0 0.0% 2 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Centre 1,688 37 2.2% 18 1.1% 1,622 33 2.0% 18 1.1% 35 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 19 4 21.1% 0 0.0% 12 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Grand’Anse 6 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 4 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0 - 0 - 1 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Nippes 23 1 4.3% 1 4.3% 23 1 4.3% 1 4.3% 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - 0 -
Nord 612 15 2.5% 3 0.5% 580 10 1.7% 2 0.3% 13 1 7.7% 0 0.0% 17 4 23.5% 1 5.9% 2 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Nord-est 3 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - 0 -
Nord-ouest 36 2 5.6% 7 19.4% 36 2 5.6% 7 19.4% 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - 0 -
Ouest 4,204 146 3.5% 118 2.8% 4,113 136 3.3% 110 2.7% 72 7 9.7% 5 6.9% 16 3 18.8% 3 18.8% 3 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Sud 747 14 1.9% 1 0.1% 697 12 1.7% 1 0.1% 36 2 5.6 0 0.0% 14 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0 - 0 -
Sud-est 9 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 8 0 0.0% 0 0,0% 0 0 - 0 - 1 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0 - 0 -
Missing 13 1 7.7% 0 0.0% 11 1 9.1% 0 0.0% 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0.0% 0 -
Total 8,373 271 3,2% 157 1.9% 8,095 246 3.0% 148 1.8% 176 11 6.3% 5 2.8% 80 14 17.5% 4 5.0% 20 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Case definition
A case definition was developed based on the precise criteria to classify animals as confirmed rabies cases, probable rabies cases, suspected rabies cases, and
[9]
discarded cases according to the status of the animals studied through the HARSP . The criteria are generally those used in epidemiological studies of diseases
requiring a case definition, but they have been adapted to the situation in Haiti.

Research and diagnostic data collected from January 2013 and December 2017 were managed by CDC in cooperation with the concerned Haitian Veterinary

[9]
Services. The data were entered into a Microsoft Access database and exported to SAS software .

Evolution of the Rabies epidemiological surveillance after the successful period of HARSP (2017-2023)
The surveillance network for the main animal diseases was implemented by the Health Protection Unit, and began to break down due to a lack of viable

sources of funding as all Haitian investigators were contract workers. Concurrently, CDC significantly reduced its technical assistance and the Haitian
government did not allocate additional funds for these activities. However, PAHO continued to provide assistance to the Rabies Program.

During this phase, the same methodology was applied as before but with certain limitations, given the fact that field trips were becoming increasingly rare due
to insecurity and that human and financial resources were becoming rarer for the operation of the national program for the control and elimination of animal
and human rabies.