Page 100 - Read Online

Page 20 Jaswant et al. One Health Implement Res 2024;4:15-37 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2023.61

Figure 1. Flow diagram of the article selection process following PRISMA guidelines. PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

dynamics, including the species infected and responsible for circulation, and to report viral movement.
More generally, studies aimed to derive recommendations to inform control.

Circulating RABV
A large proportion of the 220 studies reviewed described the diversity and distribution of circulating
RABVs. Broadly, RABV can be classified into dog-related and bat-related viruses, both of which split into
major clades, subclades and lineages [15,52] , often associated with geographies and hosts. Publications from
Latin America typically differentiated dog-related rabies vs. bat-related rabies [56,60,61] , and dog-derived and
[56]
bat-derived vs. skunk variants . In Africa and Asia, RABV diversity was classified predominantly by
geographical clustering of dog-related viruses. Generally, there was a lack of standardisation beyond global
clade nomenclature, with many studies (n = 92) introducing ad hoc names to refer to diversity within global
[15]
clade assignments. Figure 4 uses RABV-gene-linked by underlying evolution (GLUE) designations to
depict circulating clades and a key indicates alternative names used in publications
[Supplementary Table 1].

Three RABV clades are reported to circulate in Africa; the “Cosmopolitan”, “Africa 2” (AF2) and “Africa 3”
[52]
(AF3), that subdivide into subclades and lineages . The Cosmopolitan clade was found across 27 African
countries and split into AF1a, AF1b, AF1c and AF4 subclades. AF1a was broadly distributed across the
continent, and predominant in northern and eastern Africa. AF1b was mainly in eastern and southern