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Fracaro et al. Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 2020;7:1-12 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2019.009 Page 7

2012
Study

Yang et al. [61] 2017
Melo et al. [53] 2017
Chen et al. [50] 2015
Karaoz et al. [1] 2012
Chung et al. [60] 2016
Menezes et al. [36] 2014
Quertainmont et al. [42]
rats
rats
rats
Wistar rat
Wistar rats
Wistar rats
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Wistar albino rats
SCI animal model
ADSCs
Dental
stem cells
SD-MSCs
BM-MSCs
BM-MSCs
BM-MSCs
UCB-MSCs
pulp
Human
samples
MSCs source
Wistar Rats
Wistar Rats
Wistar Rats
Table 1. Preclinical study of spinal cord injury using stromal cells
lipoaspirates
follicle, apical
papilla, dental
Human dental
of scalp tissue
Human dermis
of subcutaneous
Human fragments
adipose tissue and
T9
T11
T10
T10
T12
T8-T9
SCI site
T10-T11
injection
epicenter
gap lesion
segments)
spinal cord
Intrathecal
Caudal vein
to the lesion
Injury site (in
and the caudal
transplantation
Into the injured
three spinal cord
Tail vein and local
Injury site (rostral
pellet was grafted
stumps) and a cell
MSCs infusion site
Cells were injected
into the transected
once, 1 cm rostrally
10 4
1 × 10 6
3 × 10 5
2 × 10 5
2.5 × 10 5
Data not available
Local: 4 × 10 5 (1 infusion)
Tail vein: 1 × 10 6 (2 infusion)
Number of transplanted MSCs
after injury)
after injury)
after injury)
after injury)
3 days after SCI
7 days after injury
Infusion time
One hour after SCI
Acute (MSCs infusion
Acute (MSCs infusion
Acute (MSCs infusion
Acute (MSCs infusion
capacities
efficacy of MSC therapy. There are currently seven trials enrolled in the clinical trials platform that are recruiting patients for MSC therapy [62] .
and NT-3 in the SCI
locomotor recovery
Results
transplanted with MSCs
derived mesenchymal stromal cells; SCI: spinal cord injury; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NGF: nerve growth factor; NT-3: neurotrofin-3; BMSC: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell
and promotion of neuronal
The therapeutic potency of
in behavioral testing in mice
Cell transplantation into the
laminin as a mediator of the
Dental stem cells presented
through immunomodulation,
differentiation, and protection
beneficial effects of these cells
contused spinal cord enhances
remarkable tissue regenerative
functional recovery through the
the extent of myelination in the
Transplanted MSCs reduced the
There has been an improvement
capability after spinal cord injury
of spinal cord injury can promote
repair and regeneration of the SCI
ADSCs are efficient in promoting
attenuation of immune responses
spared white matter and improved
increasing the levels of BDNF, NGF
regeneration after SCI and suggest
transplanted UCB-MSCs occurs by
BMSC transplantation into the area
protection in the acute phase of SCI
BM-MSCs: bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells; ADSCs: adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; UCB-MSCs: umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; SD-MSCs: skin-
severity of tissue loss and improved
The results from both preclinical and clinical trials show that MSC transplantation seems to help mainly in sensory recovery. Studies demonstrated a
significant enhancement in bladder compliance, bladder sensation, and bowel function, which may be an early indication of future improvements in urinary
As the results of preclinical trials have shown that MSCs are effective in the treatment of SCI, clinical studies have been conducted showing the safety and