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Table 2: The distribution of HLA alleles in different ethnic groups
Ethnic group HLA Alleles Findings References
Caucasians HLA class I No correlations found [37]
HLA‑DR HLA‑DRB1*01 High frequency in NMO‑IgG positive patients [37]
HLA‑DRB1*0301 High frequency in NMO‑IgG positive patients [27,37,53]
Not demonstrated association
HLA‑DRB1*1501 Not associated with NMO [37,54]
HLA‑DQ HLA‑DQB1*0402 Higher frequency in NMO compared to HCs [27,53]
Increased in NMO
HLA‑DQA1*0102 High frequency in NMO‑IgG negative patients [37,53]
No significant differences noticed
HLA‑DP HLA‑DPB1*0501 Rare allele in Caucasians. No correlations found [37]
Japanese‑Chinese HLA class I No data No data
HLA‑DR HLA‑DRB1*01 Protective effect on anti‑AQP4 negative MS patients [39]
HLA‑DRB1*04 Increases the risk of non‑NMO MS, especially [39]
HLA‑DRB1*04/04, 04/14, 04/15
HLA‑DRB1*09 Protective factor for anti‑AQP4 negative MS, especially [39,40]
HLA‑DRB1*09/15. Decreased the risk of anti‑AQP4 positive
MS in monovariate studies
NMO/NMOSD patients showed a significantly lower
frequency
HLA‑DRB1*12 Increased frequency in anti‑AQP4 positive MS, especially [39]
HLA‑DRB1*12/15
HLA‑DRB1*15 Common in MS patients. Probable in correlation with *04, [12,38,39]
*09, *12 alleles
Association with common MS
HLA‑DRB1*1602 Higher frequency in anti‑AQP4 positive patients in Han [40,41]
Chinese
Risk factor only for anti‑AQP4 positive NMO/NMOSD
HLA‑DP HLA‑DPB1*0501 Strong positive association with OSMS [12,38,40‑46]
Associated with opticospinal MS
Increased frequency in anti‑AQP4 positive patients
Risk factor only for anti‑AQP4 positive NMO/NMOSD patients
Susceptibility in anti‑AQP4 positive NMO in Han Chinese
Important role in the development of MS in general, but not
in OSMS. The strong association of DPB1*0501 with OSMS
may be due to the over‑representation of the DPB1*0301
allele among individuals in the non‑OSMS
HLA‑DPB1*0301 The most strongly associated allele with conventional MS, [38,44]
complete lack in OSMS
Possible protection against the development of OSMS
Brazilians HLA‑class I No data No data
HLA‑DR HLA‑DRB1*01 High frequency in NMO [56]
HLA‑DRB1*03 High frequency in NMO [56]
HLA‑DRB1*15 Low frequency in NMO, possible protective role [56]
African‑Americans HLA class I No data No data
and Afro‑Caribbeans HLA‑DR HLA‑DRB1*1501 None OSMS African‑American patient [57,58]
HLA‑DRB1*03 Highly noticed in NMO Afro‑Caribbean patients
HLA: human leukocyte antigens; NMO: neuromyelitis optica; IgG: immunoglobulin G; MS: multiple sclerosis; OSMS: opticospinal multiple sclerosis; AQP4: aquaporin‑4;
NMOSD: NMO‑spectrum diseases

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48 Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 1 | Issue 2 | September 2014