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Mok et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2019;3:40 Mini-invasive Surgery
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1225.2019.39

Technical Note Open Access

Single-port three-dimensional endoscopic
subcutaneous mastectomy for gynaecomastia: an

aesthetically superior and novel approach

Chi Wei Mok , Jun Xian Jeffrey Hing , Su-Ming Tan 1,2
1,2
1,2
1 Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore.
2 Singhealth Duke-NUS Breast Centre, , Singapore 529889, Singapore.

Correspondence to: Dr. Chi Wei Mok, Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street
3, Singapore 529889, Singapore. E-mail: mok.chi.wei@singhealth.com.sg

How to cite this article: Mok CW, Hing JXJ, Tan SM. Single-port three-dimensional endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy for
gynaecomastia: an aesthetically superior and novel approach. Mini-invasive Surg 2019;3:40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2019.39

Received: 2 Oct 2019 First Decision: 25 Nov 2019 Revised: 27 Nov 2019 Accepted: 17 Dec 2019 Published: 26 Dec 2019
Science Editor: Giulio Belli Copy Editor: Jing-Wen Zhang Production Editor: Jing Yu

Abstract
Gynaecomastia is a benign clinical condition that can occur in men of all ages, attributed by the proliferation of
glandular tissue. Most patients are asymptomatic while symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain can
present in patients with gynaecomastia. In addition to these, this condition may affect the psychological well-being
of patients leading to a need for further treatment. Medical treatment of primary gynaecomastia in the form of
anti-oestrogen therapy has not been proven to be effective and there is no consensus regarding the drug of choice
or optimal duration of treatment. Surgical treatment is usually the standard treatment in primary gynaecomastia.
There have been various techniques described in the literature with the aim of restoring a pleasant chest shape
with limited scar on incision. Most of the techniques however involve the use of a peri-areolar or a Wise pattern
incision, which can be obvious, especially in patients with a tendency to scar badly. The authors describe a novel
approach, whereby a single-port endoscopic subcutaneous mastectomy using the three-dimensional endoscopic
system with incision placed along the anterior axillary line was performed for a patient with gynaecomastia and
thereby conferring excellent aesthetic outcomes.

Keywords: Gynaecomastia, subcutaneous mastectomy, endoscopic, endoscopic-assisted, three-dimensional, single
port, insufflation

© The Author(s) 2019. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long
as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license,
and indicate if changes were made.

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