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Cho et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2021;5:20  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2021.11  Page 5 of 8



 Table 1. Summary of published data on EUS-RFA

 Application
 Indications and number  RF   Mean tumor   Mean RF  Technical   Follow-up
 Ref. (year)  power and   Treatment response                       Adverse events
 of patients  devices  size (range)  sessions  success  periods
 time
 [19]
 Pai et al.     Mucinous cyst (4), IPMN   Habib EUS- Pancreas cyst:   5-25W, 90-120s 1.3 (1-2)  100%  Pancreas cyst: complete resolution   3-6 months  Mild abdominal pain (2, 25%)
 (2015)  (1), microcystic adenoma   RFA   36.5 (24-70),   (2, 33%), size reduction (4, 67%),
 (1), NET (2)  catheter  NET: 27.5 (15-  NET: 50% reduction with vascular
 40)               changes (2, 100%)
 [7]
 Lakhtakia et al.   Insulinoma (3)  EUSLA  19 (14-22)  50W, 10-15s  1  100%  Complete resolution of   11-12 months  None
 (2016)            hypoglycemia (3, 100%)
 [8]
 Song et al.    Locally advanced   EUSLA  38 (30-90)  20-50W, 10s  1.3 (1-2)  100%  Necrosis at the ablation site (6,   2-6 months  Mild abdominal pain (2, 33%)
 (2016)  pancreatic cancer (4),   100%)
 metastatic pancreatic
 cancer (2)
 [9]
 Scopelliti et al.   Locally advanced   EUSLA  49.2 (35-75)  20-30W, 100-  1.4 (1-2)  100%  Necrosis at the ablation site (10,   30 days  Mild abdominal pain (2, 20%),
 (2018)  pancreatic cancer (10)  560s  100%)                       ascites (2, 20%),
                                                                   peripancreatic effusion (2,
                                                                   20%)
 [5]
 Choi et al.    NET (7), solid   EUSLA  20 (8-28)  50W  1.6 (1-3)  100%  Radiologic complete response (7,   Median 13   Mild abdominal pain (1, 10%),
 (2018)  pseudopapillary neoplasm   70%)            months         acute pancreatitis (1, 10%)
 (2), insulinoma (1)
 [13]
 Barthet et al.     IPMN (16), MCN (1), NET   EUSLA  PCL: 28 (9-60),  50W  NA  100%  NET: radiologic complete response   12 months  Acute pancreatitis (1, 3%),
 (2019)  (14 lesions in 12)  NET: 13.1 (10-  (12, 86%)             jejunal perforation (1, 3%),
 20)               Pancreas cyst: complete response                main pancreatic duct
                   (11, 65%), more than 50% reduction              obstruction (1, 3%)
                   (1, 6%)
 [14]
 Oleinikov et al.    NET (18 lesions in 11   EUSLA  14.3 (4.5-30)  10-50W, 5-12s  NET: radiologic complete response   Mean 8.7 ± 4.6  Acute pancreatitis (2, 11%)
 (2019)  patients), insulinoma (9   (17 lesions, 94%)   months (range
 lesions in 7 patients)  Insulinoma: complete resolution of   2-21 months)
                   hypoglycemia with normalization of
                   glucose levels (7 patients, 100%)
 [20]
 Oh et al.     Microcystic SCN (13)  EUSLA  50 (34-52.5)  50W  1.46 (1-2)  100%  Partial response (8, 61.5%)  Median 9.21   Abdominal pain (1, 7%)
 (2020)                                             months (IQR
                                                    4.79-32.39)


 EUS-RFA: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation; RF: radiofrequency; IPMN: intraductal papillary mucinous cystic neoplasm; NET: neuroendocrine tumor; MCN: mucinous cystic neoplasm; SCN:
 serous cystic neoplasm; PCL: pancreatic cystic lesion; IQR: interquartile range.



 45%) or 2 (24 tumors, 60%) sessions of EUS-ELA. Two cases (3.4%) of pancreatitis occurred during 63 ablation procedures. There was no recurrence or
 progression during a median follow-up period of 42 months (IQR, 39-46 months) in patients who were successfully treated.
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