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Nishimura et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2020;4:11 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2019.48 Page 3 of 10

Country USA USA China USA USA USA Canada Italy France China USA USA USA USA USA USA

Institution/Database Database (NIS) OSU (three surgeons) Shanghai Chest Hospital MD Anderson (two surgeons) Database (HCUP Florida SID) University of Michigan St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton (two surgeons) (single surgeon) Rouen University First Affiliated Hospital of Zheijiang University Swedish UAB (single surgeon) Database (NIS) Cape Cod Hospital (single surgeon) Database (premier) MSKCC

Technique - 4 arms 3 arms Total portal technique - 3 arms 4 arms - 4 arms 3 arms 4 arms 3 arms 4 arms - 4 arms - 3 arms

Model - Si Xi (2016) S Si Xi - Si Si - Si - Si Si - Si - Si

Comparison groups VATS VATS open VATS VATS open VATS open VATS VATS VATS open VATS VATS VATS open None VATS VATS VATS VATS open

OR time (min) - 287.2 (mean) 90.8 (average) 226 (median) - 231 324 (mean) ‡ 150 (median) ‡ 255 (median) ‡ 136 (mean) ‡ 223 ‡ 107 (median) ‡ - 261 255 (median) 217 ‡ Value includes robotic surgical resection other than lobectomy. *Number includes robotic lobectomy, segmentectomy, and/or non-anatomic resections. **Number includes robotic lobectomy, segmentectomy, and conversions to open. OR: operating room; n: number of robotic lobectomi

Early experience No (first robotic assisted surgery in Yes (first 25 robotic lobectomies) Yes (first year of robotic thoracic oncology) No (robotic lobectomy since Yes (but excluded first 30 robotic Yes (first year)

- No 2009) No - No 2012) cases) - No - - -
Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective observational Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective Retrospective

Type PSM PSM-IPTW PSM PSM-IPTW Prospective PSM case-control PSM

n 40 (42)* 21 (23)* 39 (57)* 64 (71)* 50 (57)* (394)** (620)*
1434 296 230 106 1929 25 282 2498 22 295 12
Table 1. Summary of robotic lobectomy cost studies
Study period 2010-2013 Jan 2012-Sep 2017 May 2013-Apr 2016 2011-2017 2008-2014 Nov 2010-Mar 2012 Apr 2014-Mar 2015 May 2015-Mar 2016 Sep 2014-Sep 2015 Sep 2014-Jul 2015 2008-2012 Feb 2010-Oct 2013 2008-2011 Jun 2011-Dec 2012 2009-2011 2007 Database; PSM: propensity score matching; IPTW: inverse probability of treatment weighting

Published 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2018 2018 2017 2016 2014 2014 2014 2014 2014 2008

First author Glenn et al. [8] Kneuertz et al. [17] Li et al. [19] Nelson et al. [16] Subramanian et al. [1] Worrell et al. [21] Kaur et al. [11] Novellis et al. [14] Gondé et al. [7] Bao et al. [18] Deen et al. [15] Nasir et al. [13] Paul et al. [10] Spillane et al. [20] Swanson et al. [9] Parket al. [4]