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Chen et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2018;2:43 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2018.42 Page 7 of 12

Table 3. Clinicopathologic characteristics and oncological outcomes of 60 patients with
low-lying rectal cancer who underwent robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision
Preoperative clinical staging Value/number
Tumor depth
T1 3 (5%)
T2 7 (11.7%)
T3 42 (70%)
T4 8 (13.3%)
Lymph node metastasis
N0 24 (40%)
N1 24 (40%)
N2 12 (20%)
AJCC stage (clinical)
I 7 (11.7%)
II 17 (28.3%)
III 36 (60%)
Postoperative pathological outcomes
Histology
Well differentiation 12 (20%)
Moderate differentiation 45 (75%)
Poor differentiation 3 (5%)
Tumor size
< 5 cm 56 (93.3%)
≥ 5 cm 4 (6.7%)
Tumor size (cm, mean ± SD) (range) 2.11 ± 1.62 (0-8)
Tumor depth
T0 20 (33.3%)
Tis 1 (1.7%)
T1 9 (15%)
T2 13 (21.7%)
T3 16 (26.7%)
T4 1 (1.7%)
Lymph node metastasis
N0 46 (76.7%)
N1 12 (20%)
N2 2 (3.3%)
AJCC stage (pathologic)
0 18 (30%)
I 18 (30%)
II 10 (16.7%)
III 14 (23.3%)
Tumor regression grade (49 patients with preoperative CCRT)
0 19 (38.8%)
1 17 (34.7%)
2 10 (20.4%)
3 3 (6.1%)
Harvested lymph node (median) (range) 8 (0-36)
Harvested apical node (median) (range) 1 (0-6)
Distance of distal resection margin (cm, median) (range) 1.9 (1.0-4.0)
Distance of circumferential resection margin (cm, median) (range) 1.1 (0.1-3.5)
Distal resection margin
Free 59 (98.3%)
Positive 1 (1.7%)
Circumferential resection margin
Free 57 (95%)
Positive 3 (5%)
Resection degree of primary tumor
R0 57 (95%)
R1 3 (5%)
Oncological outcomes
Follow-up periods (months, median) (range) 28 (12-53)