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Page 4 of 12 Adams et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2023;7:18 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2023.12

Table 1. Short-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic vs. Robotic vs. Open Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
First Tumor Major Intraoperative Major Length 30-day
Author, Approach n Size, Hep., Operative Conversion, Blood Loss, ml complications, of stay Mortality,
Year, cm % Time, min % (mean) % (days) %
Design
Uy, 2015 LLR 11 4.15 54.5 272.5 NR 325 9.1 9 NR
SI RC [52] OLR 26 4.25 a 84.6 335 a 750* a 26.9 11 a
Lee, 2016 LLR 14 3.5 50.0 255 NR 325 17.4 15 NR
SI RC [53] OLR 23 4.0 a 82.6 330 a 625* a 21.4 20 a
Wei, 2017 LLR 12 5.25 58.3 212 16.7 350 16.7 14 0
SI RC [54] OLR 20 6 a 55 230 a 350 a 15 11 a 0
Zhu, 2019 LLR 18 6 55.6 225 11.1 200 5.6 6 0
SI RC, PSM [ OLR 36 6 61.1 190* a 300 a 11.1 6 a 0
55]
Martin, LLR 312 5.01 37.8 NR NR NR NR NR NR
2019 OLR 1997 6.40* b 54.5*
Database [40
]
Kinoshita, LLR 15 2.6 NR 360 NR 150 13 NR NR
2019 OLR 21 3.4 b 358 a 500 a 19
[56]
MI RC
Hobeika, LLR 109 NR 47.7 240 13.8 200 22.9 7 5.5
a a a
2020 OLR 109 47.7 263 346* 26.6 14* 3.7
MI RC, PSM
[38]
Kang, 2020 LLR 24 4.7 75 407.2 20 1717.2 70.8 8.9 NR
SI RC, PSM [ OLR 24 4.1 b 75 316.4 b 800.0 b 79.2 c 15.3* b
37]
Wu, 2020 LLR 18 NR 33 305 NR 375 6 6 0
[57] a a a
SI RC OLR 25 52 300 500* 8 9* 4
Haber, LLR 27 6.0 70 314 7 NR 19 10 7
2020 OLR 31 6.5 a 78 282 a 32 12* a 0
[58]
SI RC
Ratti, 2021 LLR 150 5.3 34 270 11.3 150 4 4 1.3
[ b b b a
SI RC, PSM OLR 150 5.8 36.7 230 350* 8 6 1.3
42]
Wang, LLR 30 4.7 56.7 231 20 200 3.3 8.8 0
b b b b
2022 OLR 65 5.7 81.5* 225.3 300* 12.3 10.6* 0
[27]
SI RC
Sahakyan, LLR 50 5.5 38 209 10 NR 24 5 4
2022 OLR 50 5.8 b 74* 294* b 38 8* a 10 d
MI RC, PSM
[28]
Brustia, LLR 89 4.67 53.9 NR 17.9 NR 8.9 NR NR
2022 OLR 89 5.32 b 68.5 17.9
Database,
PSM [59]
Hamad, RLR 72 5.1 45.5 NR 8.3 NR NR 5.8 2.2
b b
2022 OLR 1804 6.8 67.3* 8.9* 3.0
[48
Database
]
Shapera, RLR 15 5.5 87 331 NR 100 13 4 6.7
b b b b
2022 OLR 19 4.5 95 356 420* 26.3 7 5.3
SI RC [60]
[61]
Outcome Definitions: Major hepatectomy: 3 consecutive liver segments . Major complications: Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa complications unless
otherwise noted. Hep: Hepatectomy; SI: Single institution; RC: retrospective cohort; LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection; OLR: open liver resection;
NR: not reported; PSM: propensity-score matched (matched data presented); MI: multi-institution; RLR: robotic liver resection. *Designates
a b c d
statistical significance. Reported as median. Reported as mean. Included Clavien-Dindo grade II and above complications. Reported as 90-day
mortality.
adhere to these recommendations at the broad national level, with a National Cancer Database (NCDB)
study demonstrating a low overall rate of LND for 58.2% of ICC cases and only 24.8% with an adequate
examination of 6+ lymph nodes per guidelines . In fact, if there is a major deficiency of LLR in the
[36]