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Jones et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2021;5:341-56 Journal of Translational
DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2021.19
Genetics and Genomics

Review Open Access

Epigenetics in prostate cancer treatment

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Katelyn Jones , Yanquan Zhang , Yifan Kong , Elia Farah , Ruixin Wang , Chaohao Li , Xinyi Wang ,
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ZhuangZhuang Zhang , Jianlin Wang , Fengyi Mao , Xiaoqi Liu , Jinghui Liu 1
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Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Correspondence to: Dr. Xiaoqi Liu, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Ave.,
Lexington, KY 40536, USA. E-mail: Xiaoqi.Liu@uky.edu; Dr. Jinghui Liu, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University
of Kentucky, 760 Press Ave., Lexington, KY 40536, USA. E-mail: Jinghui.Liu@uky.edu
How to cite this article: Jones K, Zhang Y, Kong Y, Farah E, Wang R, Li C, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang J, Mao F, Liu X, Liu J.
Epigenetics in prostate cancer treatment. J Transl Genet Genom 2021;5:341-56. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2021.19
Received: 2 Apr 2021 First Decision: 7 May 2021 Revised: 3 Jun 2021 Accepted: 15 Jun 2021 First online: 27 Aug 2021
Academic Editor: Sanjay Gupta Copy Editor: Yue-Yue Zhang Production Editor: Yue-Yue Zhang
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men, and the progression of this
disease results in fewer treatment options available to clinical patients. It highlights the vital necessity for
discovering novel therapeutic approaches and expanding the current understanding of molecular mechanisms.
Epigenetic alternations such as DNA methylation models and histone modifications have been associated as key
drivers in the development and advancement of PCa. Several studies have been conducted and demonstrated that
targeting these epigenetic enzymes or regulatory proteins has been strongly associated with the regulation of
cancer cell growth. Due to the success rate of these therapeutic routes in pre-clinical settings, many drugs have
now advanced to clinical testing, where efficacy will be measured. This review will discuss the role of epigenetic
modifications in PCa development and its function in the progression of the disease to resistant forms and
introduce therapeutic strategies that have demonstrated successful results as PCa treatment.

Keywords: Epigenetics, prostate cancer, prostate cancer treatment

INTRODUCTION
[1]
Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be the most common cancer and ranks as the second leading cause of

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