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Table 1. miRNAs differentially expressed in EoE esophageal tissue compared to healthy controls
microRNA Esophageal expression (EoE vs. healthy)
miR-7 Increased †
miR-15a Increased ♯
miR-20a Increased ♯
miR-21 Increased †,♯
miR-29a Increased ♯
miR-29b Increased †
miR-92a Increased †
miR-106b Increased †,♯
miR-126 Increased ♯
miR-132 Increased †
miR-142-5p Increased ♯
miR-142-3p Increased †,♯
miR-212 Increased †
miR-221 Increased ♯
miR-222 Increased †
miR-223 Increased †,♯
miR-339-5p Increased †
miR-592 Increased †
miR-642 Increased †
miR-801 Increased †
miR-886-5p or 3p Increased †
Let-7c Decreased †
miR-30-3p Decreased †
miR-99a Decreased ♯
miR-144 Decreased †
miR-193a-5p and 3p Decreased †
miR-193b Decreased †
miR-203 Decreased †,♯
miR-210 Decreased †,♯
miR-211 Decreased †
miR-365 Decreased †
miR-375 Decreased †
†
, Zahm et al.
miRNA expression data is from the following studies: Lu et al. [32] ♯ [33]
from EoE patients. The authors subsequently completed in-depth molecular profiling of esophageal epithe-
lial miRNA expression and identified 32 differentially regulated miRNAs between individuals with EoE and
healthy control subjects. Among these targets [Table 1], miR-375 was the most downregulated and miR-
[33]
[32]
21 and miR-223 were the most upregulated in EoE tissue . Similarly, the Zahm study in 2014 identified
14 miRNAs that are differentially expressed between EoE and healthy subjects, 6 of which were previously
[33]
[32]
[32]
identified by Lu et al. in 2012. The additional 8 miRNAs identified by Zahm et al. , not seen in Lu et al.
in 2012, could be more specific to early stages of EoE, as their study utilized a pediatric cohort. Common to
both studies, miR-375, miR-21 and miR-223 emerged as central candidates for EoE biomarkers and thera-
peutic targets.
miR-375 deficiency in esophageal epithelium of EoE patients
Through miRNA microarrays, Lu et al. identified miR-375 as the only miRNA differentially regulated in
[32]
epithelial cell lines in response to Th2 cytokine, IL-13. This preliminary work indicated that esophageal ex-
pression of miR-375 was inversely correlated with allergic inflammation and disease. While esophageal levels
of miR-375 were low in EoE, they associated with high levels of inflammation. The same year, the authors
also reported in a second study that esophageal levels of miR-375 reverse with treatment. miR-375 increases
in the esophagus, normalizing to levels comparable to healthy individuals, in adult EoE patients in remission