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Park et al. J Mater Inf 2023;3:5 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jmi.2022.37 Page 11 of 25

Figure 8. The contact angle of the five samples (I to V) measured at each temperature: (A) X = 0.365; (B) X = 0.414; (C) X =
Sn
Sn
Sn
0.523; (D) X = 0.653; and (E) X = 0.727 Sn. Vertical dashed lines are the measured monotectic temperature by DSC (1139 ± 5 °C).
Sn
Sn
Vertical thick lines with shade are the estimated binodal temperature with uncertainty.
The contact angle between pure liquid Fe and the alumina substrate varies in the range of 110 to 141 [57-59] at
1,550-1,635 °C, and in the case of pure liquid Sn, the values are 131 to 165 [58,60] at 338-1,000 °C. The contact
angle of the Fe-Sn liquid alloys measured in the present study was lower than the reported values. Possible
reasons are (1) impurities in the Al O substrate or (2) the roughness in the Al O substrate. Although
2
3
2
3
oxygen contamination may happen at the surface of the alloys, the authors assumed that a significant
change in the contact angle could be interpreted as the occurrence of a phase transformation.