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Table 1. Selected reported cases of immunotherapy-induced bullous pemphigoid
Time to
Case Primary
number Immunotherapy tumour Clinical presentation develop BP Treatment Ref.
(weeks)
1 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP 22 Oral steroids [27]
2 Nivolumab Tongue SCC Oral and cutaneous BP 8 Topical/oral steroids [9]
3 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP 16 Topical/oral steroids [9]
4 Nivolumab Urothelial Ca. Cutaneous BP 18 IV/oral steroids [9]
5 Nivolumab NSCLC Cutaneous BP 6 Oral and topical steroids and [9]
nicotinamide
6 Nivolumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP 3 IV/oral steroids [9]
7 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Severe BP Oral steroids [28]
exacerbation
8 Nivolumab Lung cancer Cutaneous BP 6 Oral steroids and omalizumab [29]
9 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP 84 Topical and oral steroids [30]
10 Ipilimumab then Melanoma Cutaneous BP 24 Topical and oral steroids [23]
nivolumab
11 Durvalumab then Melanoma Cutaneous BP 52 Topical steroids [23]
nivolumab
12 Nivolumab SCC of lung Cutaneous BP 18 Oral and topical steroids [23]
13 Pembrolizumab after Melanoma Cutaneous BP 32 Oral and topical steroids [31]
ipilimumab
14 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Oral and cutaneous BP 78 Topical steroid [32]
15 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Oral and cutaneous BP 18 Oral steroid and methotrexate [32]
16 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Recurrent BP Oral steroid [32]
17 Pembrolizumab then Melanoma Localised BP Monitoring [33]
nivolumab
18 Nivolumab Lung Oral and cutaneous BP 80 IV Methylpred+ rituximab [17]
19 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Prolonged BP 44 Oral and topical steroids [34]
20 Nivolumab Renal cell Ca. Cutaneous BP 12 Oral and topical steroids [35]
21 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP 24 Niacinamide [36]
22 Nivolumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP 12 Oral and topical steroids [36]
23 Pembrolizumab and Melanoma Cutaneous BP 24 IV and oral steroids and methotrexate [37]
ipilimumab
24 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP 51 Oral steroids [38]
25 Nivolumab Skin SCC Cutaneous BP Oral steroids and dapsone [7]
26 Nivolumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP Topical steroids [7]
27 Atezolizumab Urothelial Ca. Cutaneous BP 22 Topical/oral steroids and omalizumab, [12]
methotrexate
28 Nivolumab NSCLC Cutaneous BP Topical/oral steroids [12]
29 Nivolumab NSCLC Cutaneous BP Topical/oral steroids and omalizumab [12]
30 Nivolumab then NSCLC Cutaneous BP Topical and oral steroids and [12]
Pembrolizumab nicotinamide
31 Pembrolizumab then Melanoma Cutaneous BP Topical and oral steroids and [12]
ipilimumab and nivolumab nicotinamide
32 Nivolumab Renal cell Ca. Cutaneous BP Oral steroids and nicotinamide [12]
33 Pembrolizumab NSCLC Cutaneous and oral BP Topical and oral steroids [12]
34 Pembrolizumab Melanoma MMP 66 Doxycycline only [39]
35 Pembrolizumab Melanoma Cutaneous BP 12 Topical and oral steroids [14]
36 Ipilimumab then Melanoma Cutaneous BP 29 Topical and oral steroids [14]
pembrolizumab
37 Nivolumab NSCLC Cutaneous BP 7 Topical and oral steroids and [26]
niacinamide
38 Ipilimumab after Melanoma BP Oral and topical steroid [40]
pembrolizumab
39 Nivolumab NSCLC BP Oral steroids [41]
40 Ipilimumab after Melanoma BP 50 Topical steroids [42]
nivolumab
41 Pembrolizumab Merkel cell MMP 13 Topical steroids [43]
Ca.
42 Nivolumab Melanoma Oral and cutaneous BP Topical steroids [44]
43 Nivolumab Renal cell Ca. BP on higher dose Oral steroids [18]
immunotherapy