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Figure 2. Graphical summary of pro-tumorigenic and metastatic roles of COX-2 and SEMA7A during postpartum involution and
postpartum breast cancer. SEMA7A: Semaphorin 7a; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2
[16]
invasion into lymphatics, and metastasis during PPBC . For more detailed information on COX-2 and
lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer, see Lala et al. [165] . Finally, SEMA7A has a functional role in lymphatic
vessel modulation, as we recently published that SEMA7A promotes tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis
[57]
via macrophage-mediated lymphatic vessel remodeling during postpartum involution and breast cancer .
These findings suggest an additional mechanism by which SEMA7A, COX-2, and collagen promote tumor
progression and metastasis.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE/CONCLUSION
Women with postpartum breast cancer face a disease that carries three times the rate of metastasis and
death relative to women who have never been pregnant and those diagnosed outside of the postpartum
