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Morgan et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:46 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.19 Page 11 of 13

cell invasion in a non-invasive cell line. We have shown that ARF6 is expressed in non-invasive PCa cells
and that HGF stimulation correlates with increased levels of activated ARF6. All of these processes are asso-
ciated with enhancing the aggressive nature of cancer cells. While further work is now needed to determine
whether HGF activation of ARF6 is responsible for driving the cellular changes observed in this study, and
on additional non-invasive cell lines, these findings provide further molecular insight into the progression of
PCa and would suggest that ADT is unintentionally driving PCa through increasing levels of active ARF6.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Performed the experiments: Morgan C, Whiteland H
Helped plan the experiments: Doak SH
Drafted the manuscript: Morgan C, Swithenbank LJ
Reviewed the manuscript: all authors

Availability of data and materials
Data can be individually requested and information on materials is provided in the methods section.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was funded by The St David’s Medical Foundation and Prostate Action (grant reference number
G2009/27).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.

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