Page 86 - Read Online

Ottewell et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2021;7:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2021.14 Page 5 of 20

Table 2. Summary of immune competent mouse models of breast cancer bone metastasis
Cell Origin Sub-line Model system Inoculation route Metastatic site Lesion
line
4T1 Mouse isolated Parental BALB/c cfC3H Intra-cardiac Mouse long bones, spine, Osteolytic 2-3 weeks
from stage 1 V (ER-PR- jaw, lungs and spleen
mammary HER2-) Orthotopic (fat Mouse long bones, spine, Osteolytic 3-4 weeks
tumour from a pad/MIND) jaw, lungs and spleen
female BALB/c
cfC3H mouse Intra-osseous Recipient bone Osteolytic 1-3 weeks
4T1-2 BALB/c cfC3H Intra-cardiac Mouse long bones, spine, Osteolytic 2-3 weeks
(ER-PR- jaw, lungs and spleen
HER2-)
Orthotopic (fat pad) Mouse long bones, spine, Osteolytic 3-4 weeks
jaw, lungs and spleen
Intra-osseous Recipient bone Osteolytic 1-3 weeks
PyMT Isolated from a Parental FVB/N Intra-cardiac Mouse long bones, spine Osteolytic 2-3 weeks
MMTV mammary (ER-PR- jaw and lungs
tumour induced HER2-) Intra-osseous Recipient bone Osteolytic 1-2 weeks
by MMTV viral
oncogene in an
PVB/N female
mouse
E0771 Medullary Parental C57BL/6 Intra-cardiac Mouse long bones, spine Mixed 2-3 weeks
breast (ER-PR- Intra-tibial jaw and lungs
adenocarcinoma HER2-) Orthotopic (MIND) Mouse long bones, spine Osteolytic 1-3 weeks
isolated from a jaw and lungs
spontaneous
tumour in a
female C57BL/6
mouse
Py8119 Obtained from Parental C57BL/6 Intra-cardiac Mouse long bones, spine, Mixed 2-3 weeks
spontaneously (ER-PR- Intra-tibial lungs and jaw
arising tumours HER2) Orthotopic (MIND) Mouse tibiae Mixed 1-3 weeks
in MMTV-
PyMY
transgenic
C57BL/6 female
mice
KEP Mouse invasive PKEP/Luc IL2Rγc -/- Intra-cardiac Mouse long bones Osteolytic 2-4 weeks
lobular (ER-PR- RAG -/- Orthotopic Spine Osteolytic 3-5 weeks
carcinoma HER2-) BALB/c
derived from a Orthotopic Mouse long bones and Osteolytic 6-9 weeks
Keratin14- spine
driven E-
cadherin/p53
(KEP) knock out
mammary
carcinoma

dormancy phase in this model.

· Bone metastases from parental MDA-MB-231 cells occur randomly (not always in the long bones),
resulting in large n numbers being required for analysis.

· Intra-cardiac injection requires considerable technical expertise, and even with this ~10% of mice die of
stroke, due to cells becoming stuck in the circulation, or develop hind limb paralysis resulting in undesirable
loss of animals.

· The requirement for immune-compromised mice prevents accurate representation of immune response to
tumours/therapies.