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Udukala et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2020;6:25 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2020.45 Page 11 of 13

Figure 8. Multivariate model: statistical analysis: P-value of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 slope: 4.34e-13 MMP1 slope: 0.90623;
2
P-value of cathepsin B slope: 9.11e-15l and cathepsin B slope: 1.13514; R value: 0.9181

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Tracy Chapman, Southeastern Nebraska Cancer Center (SNCC) for the
biospecimens used in this study.

Authors’ contributions
Synthesis and characterization of the optical nanobiosensors: Udukala DN, Wendel SO, Wang H, Yapa AS
Calibration of the optical nanobiosensors: Udukala DN
Liquid biopsies: Udukala DN, Covarrubias-Zambrano O
Data analysis: Udukala DN, Janik K
Statistical data analysis: Wendel SO, Covarrubias-Zambrano O, Gadbury G
Design of the study reported here: Troyer DL, Bossmann SH
Writing of the manuscript: Covarrubias-Zambrano O, Janik K, Bossmann SH

Availability of data and materials
The raw data will be made available upon request; please contact Dr. Stefan H. Bossmann.

Financial support and sponsorship
National Science Foundation, USA, grant (CBET 1804416).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest

Ethical approval and consent to participate
The biospecimens were collected by Dr. Tracy Chapman, Southeastern Nebraska Cancer Center (SNCC).
We received de-identified patient information.

Consent for publication
The deidentified serum samples were purchased from the South Eastern Nebraska Cancer. The activities at
Kansas State were classified as “non research” with respect to the biospecimens used.