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Eng et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2019;5:69 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2019.021 Page 3 of 13

Figure 1. MiRNA regulation of autophagy during cancer invasion. The key components of macroautophagy is shown in this diagram.
In the invading pro-metastatic cancer cell, autophagy is upregulated by gain of oncomiRs and loss of tumor-suppressive miRNAs. The
oncomiRs target the inhibitors of autophagy to increase autophagic flux. The downregulated miRNAs on the other hand, are required for
the activation of autophagy. Upregulated pro-EMT miRNAs are depicted as large red icons, while downregulated pro-MET miRNAs are
depicted as small blue icons. The miRNA targets and mechanisms of actions are summarized in Table 1. EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition; oncomiRs: oncogenic miRNAs; MET: mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition