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Page 346                      Zhang et al. Intell. Robot. 2025, 5(2), 333-54  I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ir.2025.17





































                                         Figure 7. Trajectories based on minimum-jerk optimization.





































                                             Figure 8. Desired trajectory with safe switching.


               more precise tracking capabilities in contrast to the conventional TSMC and NTSMC methods. It is worth
               noting that the human force exerted by the patient on the exoskeleton under the passive training effect is
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