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Li et al. Hepatoma Res. 2025;11:25 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2025.63 Page 13 of 17
Figure 3. Integrated management framework and decision algorithm for HCC thermal ablation. This comprehensive chart delineates the
four-phase clinical management pathway, aligning procedural stages (left) with corresponding decision-making algorithms (right).
Software: Adobe Illustrator (version 27.0; Adobe Inc.). HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MDT: multidisciplinary team; CEUS: contrast-
enhanced ultrasound; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PET/CT: positron emission tomography/computed tomography; TACE:
transarterial chemoembolization; TARE: transarterial radioembolization; SBRT: stereotactic body radiation therapy.
