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Page 20 of 23 Shanmugasundaram et al. Energy Mater. 2025, 5, 500100 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2024.304

Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of this study are available within the article and its Supplementary
Materials.

Financial support and sponsorship
The authors also thank SRMIST for seed and startup grant, DST SERB (CRG/2021/008427), (CRG/2023/
000352), CSIR-HRDG (03/1509/23/EMR-II), and DST-FIST [SR/FST/PS-II/2021/190(G)], Government of
India, for financial support.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.

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