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Boaretto et al. Energy Mater. 2025, 5, 500040 Energy Materials
DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2024.203

Article Open Access

Quasi-solid polymer electrolytes with binary and

ternary salt mixtures for high-voltage lithium metal
batteries

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1
Nicola Boaretto 1,* , Oihane Garcia-Calvo 2 , Mónica Cobos , Asier Fernandez de Añastro , Marta Diez
1
1
Viera , Mustafa Al Sammarraie Shakir , Simon Lindberg 1 , Rosalia Cid Barreno 1 , Gérôme Godillot 3 ,
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Leif Olav Jøsang , Andriy Kvasha 2 , María Martínez-Ibañez 1
1
Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies CIC energiGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA),
Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510, Spain.
2
CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian 20014, Spain.
3
Arkema, Groupement de Recherches de Lacq, Lacq 64170, France.
4
Cerpotech, Kvenildmyra 6, Heimdal 7093, Norway.
Correspondence to: Dr. Nicola Boaretto, Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies CIC energiGUNE, Basque
Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510, Spain. E-mail:
nboaretto@cicenergigune.com
How to cite this article: Boaretto, N.; Garcia-Calvo, O.; Cobos, M.; Fernandez de Añastro, A.; Diez Viera, M.; Al Sammarraie
Shakir, M.; Lindberg, S.; Cid Barreno, R.; Godillot, G.; Jøsang, L. O.; Kvasha, A.; Martínez-Ibañez, M. Quasi-solid polymer
electrolytes with binary and ternary salt mixtures for high-voltage lithium metal batteries. Energy Mater. 2025, 5, 500040.
https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2024.203

Received: 1 Oct 2024 First Decision: 13 Nov 2024 Revised: 28 Nov 2024 Accepted: 2 Dec 2024 Published: 24 Jan 2025

Academic Editor: Wei Tang Copy Editor: Fangling Lan Production Editor: Fangling Lan

Abstract
Quasi-solid polymer electrolytes (QSPEs) are considered a promising alternative to liquid electrolytes for high-
voltage lithium metal batteries. Herein, we present their properties and performance supported on polyolefin
microporous separators. These QSPEs consist of a poly(vinylidene-fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) polymer
matrix, ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer, and various lithium salt mixtures, including lithium
bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), and LiNO as a solid electrolyte interface-
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-1
forming additive. They exhibit an ionic conductivity of ca. 1 mS cm at room temperature and excellent resistance
against lithium dendrites, attributed to the presence of the tough polyolefin separator. The effect of the lithium salt
mixture composition on lithium plating/stripping performance and electrooxidation stability was studied in detail,
showing that LiNO , while having a clear positive effect on the plating/stripping performance, may also adversely
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affect the oxidative stability of the electrolyte, accelerating the degradation of the cathode/electrolyte interface.
QSPEs with binary LiFSI/LiBOB salt mixtures were tested at room temperature in a LiNi Mn Co O ||Li monolayer
0.1
0.8
0.1
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