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Mazzapioda et al. Energy Mater 2023;3:300019 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.03 Page 25 of 30

contact among the battery components, is expected to be improved. By using solely inorganic compounds,
enhancement of mechanical stability is difficult. In contrast, the combination of organic and inorganic
materials in QSSEs allows the design of flexible materials, which can be folded, cut, and wearable; these
advantages are important for the implementation of QSSEs in commercial applications. So far, a limited
number of ILE or PE for QSSE have been tested; hence, advancements in the design of novel and cost-
effective QSSE are anticipated.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgements
Henry Adenusi acknowledges the Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, AIR@InnoHK of the Hong Kong
government for supporting his fellowship.

Authors’ contributions
Proposed the topic of this review: Passerini S
Prepared the manuscript: Mazzapioda L
Collectively discussed and revised the manuscript: Mazzapioda L, Tsurumaki A, Di Donato G, Adenusi H,
Navarra MA, Passerini S

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by the Helmholtz Association.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
©TheAuthor(s) 2023.

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