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Wang et al. Energy Mater 2023;3:300040 Energy Materials
DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.28

Article Open Access

Highly fluorinated co-solvent enabling ether

electrolyte for high-voltage lithium ion batteries with
graphite anode

1,2
4
3
3
1
1,*
Ruo Wang , Haonan Wang , Huajun Zhao , Mingman Yuan , Zhongbo Liu , Guangzhao Zhang , Tong
3
2,*
1
Zhang , Yunxian Qian , Jun Wang 1,* , Iseult Lynch , Yonghong Deng 1,*
1
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and
Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
2
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
3
Shenzhen CAPCHEM Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China.
4
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China.
*Correspondence to: Dr. Guangzhao Zhang, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Innovation and
Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen
518055, Guangdong, China. E-mail: zhanggz@sustech.edu.cn; Prof./Dr. Jun Wang, Department of Materials Science &
Engineering, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan
Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China. E-mail: wangj9@sustech.edu.cn; Prof./Dr. Iseult Lynch, School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. E-mail:
i.lynch@bham.ac.uk; Prof./Dr. Yonghong Deng, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Innovation and
Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen
518055, Guangdong, China. E-mail: yhdeng08@163.com
How to cite this article: Wang R, Wang H, Zhao H, Yuan M, Liu Z, Zhang G, Zhang T, Qian Y, Wang J, Lynch I, Deng Y. Highly
fluorinated co-solvent enabling ether electrolyte for high-voltage lithium ion batteries with graphite anode. Energy Mater
2023;3:300040. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.28
Received: 20 Apr 2023 First Decision:1 Jun 2023 Revised: 5 Jul 2023 Accepted: 10 Jul 2023 Published: 7 Oct 2023
Academic Editor: Hong Xu Copy Editor: Fangling Lan Production Editor: Fangling Lan

Abstract
Conventional ether electrolytes are generally considered unsuitable for use with graphite anodes and high-voltage
cathodes due to their co-intercalation with graphite and poor oxidation stability, respectively. In this work, a highly
fluorinated ether molecule, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) methoxy] ethane (TTME), is introduced as a
co-solvent into the conventional ether system to construct a fluorinated ether electrolyte, which not only avoids the
co-intercalation with graphite but also is compatible with high-voltage cathodes. Li||graphite half-cells using the
fluorinated ether electrolyte deliver stable cycling with a capacity retention of 91.7% for 300 cycles. Moreover,
2
LiNi Co Mn O (NCM811)||graphite and LiCoO (LCO)||graphite full-cells (cathode loadings are ≈3 mAh/cm )
2
2
0.1
0.1
0.8
with the fluorinated ether electrolyte show capacity retentions of > 90% over 200 cycles with a charge cut-off
© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
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