Page 24 - Read Online

Page 8 of 35 Tao et al. Energy Mater 2022;2:200036 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.46

[7]
Figure 5. (A) Schematic illustration of solid-state lithium cell (reproduced with permission from ). (B) Evolution of anode interface at
[8]
different stages (reproduced with permission from ). (C) Interface models of three representative SSEs (reproduced with permission
from [9,10] ).
(e) Grain boundary resistance induced by the space charge and interphase layers generally exists at
solid/solid interfaces.

(f) Voids resulting from the packing technology of cells and electrode pulverization and Li metal dendritic
growth increase the interfacial resistance.

(g) The low active loading in cathode composites, low cathode utilization and low ionic/electronic
conductivity of S and Li S result in unsatisfactory capacity output.
2

(h) An understanding of the interfacial kinetics, electrochemical reactivity and microstructure of interfaces
remains a challenge for ASSLSBs.

(i) Transforming laboratory cells into real commercial ASSLSB products remains an additional hurdle.

In the following section, in order to further understand the interfacial issues mentioned above, a detailed
discussion of the possible cause of the formation of the interface is presented.

ORIGIN OF ELECTRODE/SSE INTERFACE
The interfacial issues of ASSLSBs are always present at both the anode and cathode sides. The interface can
be defined as a surface forming a common boundary between the adjacent regions of the electrode and
SSEs [35,79] . The corresponding interfacial resistance is a key factor affecting the performance of ASSLSBs,
which is related to interfacial contact condition, ion transport, chemical potential differences, interfacial
energy and structural stability. Multiple physical and chemical processes often occur at interfaces during
cycling, including mutual diffusion, ionic transport, a lithium-depleted space-charge layer, solid electrolyte
interface formation and decomposition, dendrite growth and electrode volume expansion, which could be
[35]
the main cause of the formation of the interfaces between electrodes and electrolytes .