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Page 14 of 17 Sun et al. Chem Synth 2023;3:16 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.45

assemblies can be achieved owing to their stimuli-responsive performance, which facilitates the
accumulation and deep penetration of photothermal agents to tumor sites.

Moreover, the host-guest assemblies provide additional superiorities for the construction of photothermal
therapy-based synergistic therapy. Though milestones have been achieved in the field of host-guest
assembly-based photothermal therapy, efforts still need to be made to promote its widespread clinical
application. Firstly, temperature imaging can visually provide information for photothermal cancer therapy.
Therefore, the combination of temperature-responsive imaging species and photothermal agents through
host-guest interaction could make an appealing direction for future research. Secondly, the precise control
of the temperature rise of photothermal agents can guarantee both satisfying therapeutic efficacy and
negligible side effect. Hence, the development of photothermal therapy with controllable hyperthermia,
through the manipulation of host-guest interaction-induced change of photothermal conversion efficiency,
should be extensively investigated. Last but not least, chiral host-guest assemblies can be employed to
regulate the interaction between photothermal agents and cancer cells, which further provides an alternative
strategy for the improvement of photothermal cancer therapy.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization: Han J, Sun X, Guo R
Writing-original draft preparation: Sun X
Writing-review and editing: Ye Q, Zhou J, Han J
Read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript: Sun X, Ye Q, Zhou J, Han J, Guo R

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21922202, 22002138 and
22272146); Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M692714); the Priority Academic Program
Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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