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Kodag et al. Dis Prev Res 2023;2:12 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/dpr.2023.11 Page 7 of 16

Figure 3. Map of physical features of Pune. (source: DM Plan 2016, PMC).

The answers and comments given by participants are their individual perceptions based on their
understanding. In some instances, we had to adopt different methods, such as interviews and field visits, to
validate the received data.

RESULTS
Table 2 shows the responses of participants on the smart city initiatives.

Density of population
Smart city initiatives shall be instrumental in attracting a larger population for better opportunities. The
density and composition of the population are cardinal in disaster scenarios. According to 80% of the
participants, the population density will increase as an indirect impact of smart city initiatives, while 15%
participants feel that the population growth is not attributed to smart city initiatives. Additionally, 5%
participants are unsure about the relation, implying high-risk exposure due to population concentration.
The floating population in the city will increase, according to 80% participants, primarily due to better
transport facilities. This increase in the floating population can result in high exposure to disaster risks,
while 10% participants disagree with this view, and another 10% participants are unsure. Over the decades,
Pune city has been witnessing an increase in the migrant population, with almost 65% of the participants
believing that migrant population density will be influenced, leading to more migration in the future.
Furthermore, 20% participants disagree with this perspective, while 15% participants are unsure of their
opinion on the migrant population. Pune city has effectively integrated migrant populations, resulting in a
medium level of risk during disasters. Only 30% participants feel that the increase in population density
might influence the cultural stability of the city, 50% participants believe there is no threat to cultural
stability, and 20% are not sure. Cultural differences can be hindrances in disaster scenarios; however, in a
homogenous and stable society, cultural differences pose a low-risk factor. Despite this, the overall risk
factor for this component has been rated high.