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Page 14 of 20 Lal. Carbon Footprints 2026, 5, 10

Table 3. Research priorities
Thematic focus Description References

A. Processes of soil C
sequestration
SIC: rate of sequestration, acidification, impact on crop growth and soil Raza et al. [96] ; Zhao et al. [56] ;
I. health, mechanisms and pedologic processes, link between SIC and SOC, Timmerman et al. [24]
weathering of silicates
Impact of Global Warming increase in mineralization melting of
II. De Mello et al. ; Yan et al. [97]
[19]
permafrost
III. C saturation, potential and reality of achieving C sequestration Geogiou et al. [18]
Stabilization of SOC, priming effect, mean residence time, permanence of Angers et al. [54] ; Dynarski et al. [37] ; Duan
IV.
SOC et al. [98] ; Mattila and Vihanto [99]
V. Biologically negative emission strategy Paustian et al. ; Pant et al. [84]
[17]
B. Practices of Soil C
Sequestration
I. CA: causes of limited adoption potential and reality of C sequestration Ogle et al. [100] ; Page et al. [29]
II. Agroforestry: for different trees and crops Nair et al. [101]
Biochar: practicability of the high rate of biochar, on-farm studies, net rate
III. Wang et al. [102] ; Tiefenbacher et al. [103]
by accounting for C in biochar
IV. Cover cropping: effects on rate of sequestration Singh et al. [104]
On-farm assessment: monitor impact of management under on-farm
V. Rosinger et al. [88]
conditions
VI. Organic Farming: C sequestration in organic vs. converted Ghimire et al. [23]
VII. Regenerative agriculture: effects on soil health Bless et al. [66]
VIII. Degradable plastic mulching Qian et al. [20]
C. The Human Dimensions
Sykes et al. [105] ; Colombo et al. [106] ; Pinto
I. Economics and social impacts
et al. [107]
Policies
- Societal value of carbon Lal [69]
II. - Policies for promoting C-farming Baumber et al. [108] ; Arellano Vazquez et
- Effective soil policy for C sequestration al. [109]
- Implementation of soil health act Thamo and Panell [44]

Regional and Crop-Specific Issues
- Sub-Saharan Africa and other geographical regions in developing Vågen et al. [110]
countries
- Land use change in diverse agro-ecosystems
III. Schulp et al. [111]
- Soil C sequestration and gaseous emissions in rice paddy and upland rice
- C sequestration in abandoned land, mineland, eroded land, urban land, [112] [113]
etc. Xu et al. ; Fukuta et al.
[114]
- Global drylands: processes and rate of SOC/SIC sequestration Stutler et al.
D. Methodological
Challenges
- Simple, cost-effective, easy to use in-situ measurement of soil C stock
- Establishment of baseline with credible data in support of C accounting Smith et al. [115] ; Potash et al. [116]
and crediting Randazzo et al. [117]
- Critical science-based accounting system Viscarra Rossel et al. [81]
- Effects on crop growth, microbial activity, and soil health Mattila and Vihanto [99]
- Assessment of carbon footprint and ecological footprint of Lal [118]
agro-ecosystems

global factors affecting the long-term rate of biochar in soil and the environment , especially under on-farm
[90]
or field conditions. A significant knowledge gap also exists in the scientific understanding of the linkage
between historical land use and land cover change on SOC sequestration under the current practices . In
[91]
comparison with croplands, research on the long-term effects of diverse management practices on