Page 99 - Read online

Page 16 of 20 Lal. Carbon Footprints 2026, 5, 10

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2026.

REFERENCES
1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Greenhouse gas emissions from agrifood systems - Global, regional and
country trends, 2000-2022. FAOSTAT Analytical Brief Series, No. 94. Rome. 2024. Available from: h​t​t​p​s​:​/​/​o​p​e​n​k​n​o​w​l​e​d​g​e​.​f​a​o​.​o​r​g​/​s​e​r​v
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
er/api/core/bit​str​eam​s/111b7ee​8-282b-​42ff​-ad95-​ccc​ecd90f8ea/cont​ent [Last accessed on 5 Mar 2026].
2. Mancini, M. S.; Galli, A.; Niccolucci, V.; et al. Ecological footprint: refining the carbon footprint calculation. Ecol. Ind. 2016, 61,
390-403. DOI
3. Ozlu, E.; Arriaga, F. J.; Bilen, S.; Gozukara, G.; Babur, E. Carbon footprint management by agricultural practices. Biology 2022, 11,
1453. DOI PubMed PMC
4. Clay, D. E.; Chang, J.; Clay, S. A.; et al. Corn yields and no‐tillage affects carbon sequestration and carbon footprints. Agron. J. 2012,
104, 763-70. DOI
5. Ranjan, S.; Kumar, S.; Dutta, S. K.; et al. Influence of 36 years of integrated nutrient management on soil carbon sequestration,
environmental footprint and agronomic productivity of wheat under rice-wheat cropping system. Front. Environ. Sci. 2023, 11, 1222909.
DOI
6. Wang, R.; Mattox, C. M.; Phillips, C. L.; Kowalewski, A. R. Carbon sequestration in turfgrass-soil systems. Plants 2022, 11, 2478. DOI
PubMed PMC
7. Horst, M.; McClintock, N.; Hoey, L. The intersection of planning, urban agriculture, and food justice: a review of the literature. In:
Planning for equitable urban agriculture in the United States: future directions for a new ethic in city building. 2024, pp. 89-120. DOI
8. Lal, R. Agricultural activities and the global carbon cycle. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 2004, 70, 103-16. DOI
9. Forfora, N.; Azuaje, I.; Vivas, K. A.; et al. Evaluating biomass sustainability: why below-ground carbon sequestration matters. J. Clean.
Prod. 2024, 439, 140677. DOI
10. Fagodiya, R. K.; Verma, K.; Sharma, G.; et al. Assessing the soil organic carbon stability and greenhouse gases mitigation in rice-wheat
system: seventeen-years assessment of tillage and residue management. Soil. Till. Res. 2025, 254, 106697. DOI
11. Vieira, F. C. B.; Bayer, C.; Zanatta, J. A.; Dieckow, J.; Mielniczuk, J.; He, Z. L. Carbon management index based on physical
fractionation of soil organic matter in an Acrisol under long-term no-till cropping systems. Soil. Till. Res. 2007, 96, 195-204. DOI
12. Mir, Y. H.; Ganie, M. A.; Shah, T. I.; et al. Soil microbial and enzyme activities in different land use systems of the Northwestern
Himalayas. PeerJ 2023, 11, e15993. DOI PubMed PMC
13. Ofiti, N. O.; Zosso, C. U.; Soong, J. L.; et al. Warming promotes loss of subsoil carbon through accelerated degradation of plant-derived
organic matter. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 2021, 156, 108185. DOI
14. Melillo, J. M.; Butler, S.; Johnson, J.; et al. Soil warming, carbon-nitrogen interactions, and forest carbon budgets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA. 2011, 108, 9508-12. DOI PubMed PMC
15. Schindlbacher, A.; Zechmeister‐Boltenstern, S. O. P. H. I. E.; Jandl, R. Carbon losses due to soil warming: do autotrophic and
heterotrophic soil respiration respond equally? Global. Chang. Biol. 2009, 15, 901-13. DOI
16. Wu, G.; Huang, H.; Jia, B.; et al. Partial organic substitution increases soil quality and crop yields but promotes global warming potential
in a wheat-maize rotation system in China. Soil. Till. Res. 2024, 244, 106274. DOI
17. Paustian, K.; Larson, E.; Kent, J.; Marx, E.; Swan, A. Soil C sequestration as a biological negative emission strategy. Front. Clim. 2019,
1, 8. DOI
18. Georgiou, K.; Angers, D.; Champiny, R. E.; et al. Soil carbon saturation: what do we really know? Glob. Chang. Biol. 2025, 31, e70197.
DOI PubMed PMC
19. De, Mello. D. C.; Francelino, M. R.; Moquedace, C. M.; et al. Global warming may turn ice-free areas of Maritime and Peninsular
Antarctica into potential soil organic carbon sinks. Commun. Earth. Environ. 2025, 6, 1937. DOI
20. Qian, R.; Guo, R.; Liu, Y.; et al. Biodegradable film mulching combined with straw incorporation can significantly reduce global
warming potential with higher spring maize yield. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 2022, 340, 108181. DOI
21. Piva, J. T.; Dieckow, J.; Bayer, C.; et al. No-till reduces global warming potential in a subtropical Ferralsol. Plant. Soil. 2012, 361,
359-73. DOI