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Page 146 Sendino et al. Cancer Drug Resist 2018;1:139-63 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2018.09

Table 1. Expression of XPO1 in human cancer
Type of cancer Number of samples Relationship to prognosis Remarks Ref.
(technique)
AML 511 patients (Reverse-phase High XPO1 expression associated [80]
protein array) with poor prognosis
MCL Data from public expression NA Higher expression in mantle cell [81]
array data sets plus 3 patients lymphoma cells
and 8 cell lines (qRT-PCR)
MM Data from public expression NA XPO1 expression increases with disease [82]
array data sets progression
351 patients (data from public High XPO1 expression associated [83]
expression array data sets) with poor prognosis
plus 8 patients (IB)
Glioma 273 patients (data collected High XPO1 expression associated [84]
from public expression array with poor prognosis
data sets) plus 12 patients (IB)
70 patients (IHC + IB) High XPO1 expression associated XPO1 expression level inversely cor- [85]
with poor prognosis related with p27 level
Non-small cell lung cancer 148 patients (microarray) plus High XPO1 expression associated XPO1, BRCA1, HIF1A and DLC1 consti- [86]
291 patients (qRT-PCR) with poor prognosis tute a robust prognostic classifier in
stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients
Gastric cancer 240 patients (IHC) Low XPO1 expression associated [87]
with poor prognosis
120 patients (IHC) High XPO1 expression associated [88]
with poor prognosis
Thymic epithelial tumors 118 patients (IHC) High XPO1 expression associated [89]
with poor prognosis
Ovarian cancer 88 patients (IHC) XPO1 is expressed in ovarian carci- XPO1 expression correlated with cyclo- [90]
nomas with aggressive behavior and oxygenase-2 expression
is related to poor patient survival
Liver cancer 154 cases (IHC) NA XPO1 expression assessed in tumor and [91]
adjacent normal tissues
Esophageal squamous cell 220 patients (IHC+IB+IF) High XPO1 expression associated XPO1 siRNA causes apoptosis in [92]
carcinoma with shorter survival esophageal cancer cell lines
56 patients (IHC+qRT-PCR) Trend for shorter survival of patients XPO1 localization also altered in cancer [93]
with higher XPO1 expression cells
Pancreas cancer 69 patients (IB) High XPO1 expression associated [94]
with poor prognosis
Renal cancer (IHC) NA Higher XPO1 expression in higher grade [95]
tumors
Breast carcinoma 280 patients (IHC + IB) High XPO1 expression associated [96]
with poor prognosis
Ewing sarcoma 37 patients (IHC) plus data NA XPO1 is highly expressed in Ewing [97]
from public expression array sarcoma
data sets
Osteosarcoma 57 patients (IHC) High XPO1 expression associated [98]
with shorter survival
Melanoma 83 patients (31 primary, 52 NA XPO1 overexpressed in metastatic [99]
metastatic) (MA) melanoma
AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; MCL: mantle cell lymphoma; MM: multiple myeloma; IB: immunoblot; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry;
MA: microarray; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; NA: not assessed

In several of these studies, the potential prognostic significance of XPO1 expression has been evaluated.
[90]
Higher XPO1 expression was associated with poorer patient prognosis in patients with ovarian tumors ,
pancreatic tumors , esophageal tumors , gliomas [84,85] , thymic epithelial tumors , and breast tumors .
[94]
[96]
[89]
[92]
[98]
In contrast, high XPO1 expression was related to better prognosis in osteosarcoma patients . Finally, con-
tradictory findings on the prognostic value of XPO1 expression in gastric cancer have been reported [87,88] .
The molecular mechanisms responsible for XPO1 overexpression in cancer cells are still poorly character-
ized. Copy number gains at chromosomal region 2p, affecting the XPO1 locus, have been found to cor-
[101]
[100]
relate with high XPO1 mRNA expression in lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) .