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Original Article | Open Access

Cancer Drug Resistance

Li et al. Cancer Drug Resist. 2025;8:31 DOI:10.20517/cdr.2025.47

Integrated multi-omics profiling of immune
microenvironment and drug resistance signatures for
precision prognosis in prostate cancer

Chao Li , Longxiang Wu , Bowen Zhong , Yu Gan , Lei Zhou , Shuo Tan , Weibin Hou , Kun Yao , Bingzhi
1
1
2,#
1
2,#
1,#
1
2
Wang , Zhenyu Ou , Shengwang Zhang , Wei Xiong 1
1
2
3
Keywords:
Tumor microenvironment,
prostate cancer, drug
resistance, immunotherapy,
prognostic model
Citation: Li C, Wu L,
Zhong B, Gan Y, Zhou L,
Tan S, Hou W, Yao K,
Wang B, Ou Z, Zhang S,
Xiong W. Integrated
multi-omics profiling of
immune microenvironment
and drug resistance
signatures for precision
prognosis in prostate cancer.
Cancer Drug Resist.
2025;8:31.
https://dx.doi.org/10.20517 Abstract
/cdr.2025.47
Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a significant cause of mortality among
Received: 2 Mar 2025 men, with treatment resistance often influenced by the complexity of the tumor
First Decision: 8 May microenvironment (TME). This study aims to develop an immune-centric prognostic model
2025
Revised: 11 Jun 2025 that correlates TME dynamics, genomic instability, and the heterogeneity of drug
Accepted: 18 Jun 2025 resistance in PCa.
Published: 25 Jun 2025
Methods: Multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression
Academic Editors:
Riganti Chiara, Jianliang Omnibus (GEO) databases were integrated, encompassing transcriptomic profiles of 554
Shen TCGA-PRAD samples and 329 external validation samples. Immune cell infiltration was
Copy Editor: assessed using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. Weighted gene co-expression network
Pei-Yun Wang analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify immune-related modules. Single-cell RNA
Production Editor:
Pei-Yun Wang sequencing (ScRNA-seq) of 835 PCa cells uncovered subtype-specific resistance patterns.
Prognostic models were constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator
(LASSO) regression and subsequently validated experimentally in PCa cell lines.

1 Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
2 Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
3 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
# Authors contributed equally.

Correspondence to: Dr. Wei Xiong, Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road,
Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China. E-mail: xiongweixymn@163.com; Dr. Shengwang Zhang, Department of Radiology, The
Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China. E-mail:
zswang99@163.com

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