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McGivern et al. Art Int Surg 2023;3:27-47 Artificial
DOI: 10.20517/ais.2022.39
Intelligence Surgery

Systematic Review Open Access

Applying artificial intelligence to big data in
hepatopancreatic and biliary surgery: a scoping

review

1,#
2,#
4
2,5
Kieran G. McGivern , Thomas M. Drake 2,3,# , Stephen R. Knight , James Lucocq , Miguel O. Bernabeu ,
2
2
2
2
6
Neil Clark , Cameron Fairfield , Riinu Pius , Catherine A. Shaw , Sohan Seth , Ewen M. Harrison 2,3
1
NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley PA2 9PN, UK.
2
Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK.
3
Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.
4
NHS Fife, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy KY2 5AH, UK.
5
The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9BT, UK.
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Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK.
#
Authors contributed equally.
Correspondence to: Prof. Ewen M. Harrison, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little
France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK. E-mail: ewen.harrison@ed.ac.uk
How to cite this article: McGivern KG, Drake TM, Knight SR, Lucocq J, Bernabeu MO, Clark N, Fairfield C, Pius R, Shaw CA, Seth
S, Harrison EM. Applying artificial intelligence to big data in hepatopancreatic and biliary surgery: a scoping review. Art Int Surg
2023;3:27-47. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ais.2022.39
Received: 8 Dec 2022 First Decision: 14 Feb 2023 Revised: 10 Mar 2023 Accepted: 15 Mar 2023 Published: 27 Mar 2023
Academic Editors: Henry A. Pitt, Andrew A. Gumbs Copy Editor: Ke-Cui Yang Production Editor: Ke-Cui Yang
Abstract
Aim: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications in healthcare are rapidly developing. The healthcare industry
generates ever-increasing volumes of data that should be used to improve patient care. This review aims to
examine the use of AI and its applications in hepatopancreatic and biliary (HPB) surgery, highlighting studies
leveraging large datasets.

Methods: A PRISMA-ScR compliant scoping review using Medline and Google Scholar databases was performed
th
(5 August 2022). Studies focusing on the development and application of AI to HPB surgery were eligible for
inclusion. We undertook a conceptual mapping exercise to identify key areas where AI is under active development
for use in HPB surgery. We considered studies and concepts in the context of patient pathways - before surgery
(including diagnostics), around the time of surgery (supporting interventions) and after surgery (including
prognostication).

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
indicate if changes were made.

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