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Grewal et al. Art Int Surg 2023;3:217-32 Artificial
DOI: 10.20517/ais.2023.28
Intelligence Surgery

Review Open Access

Current state of radiomics in hepatobiliary and
pancreatic malignancies

2
1
Mahip Grewal , Taha Ahmed , Ammar Asrar Javed 1
1
Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York University Grossman School of
Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
2
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Correspondence to: Prof. Ammar Asrar Javed, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NYU Langone
Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 530 First Avenue, Silverstein 7V, New York, NY 10016, USA. E-mail:
Ammar.Javed@nyulangone.org

How to cite this article: Grewal M, Ahmed T, Javed AA. Current state of radiomics in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies.
Art Int Surg 2023;3:217-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ais.2023.28

Received: 2 Aug 2023 First Decision: 14 Sep 2023 Revised: 3 Nov 2023 Accepted: 17 Nov 2023 Published: 28 Nov 2023

Academic Editors: Derek O’Reilly, Andrew Gumbs Copy Editor: Pei-Yun Wang Production Editor: Pei-Yun Wang

Abstract
Rising in incidence, hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HPB) cancers continue to exhibit dismal long-term survival. The
overall poor prognosis of HPB cancers is reflective of the advanced stage at which most patients are
diagnosed. Late diagnosis is driven by the often-asymptomatic nature of these diseases, as well as a dearth of
screening modalities. Additionally, standard imaging modalities fall short of providing accurate and detailed
information regarding specific tumor characteristics, which can better inform surgical planning and sequencing of
systemic therapy. Therefore, precise therapeutic planning must be delayed until histopathological examination is
performed at the time of resection. Given the current shortcomings in the management of HPB cancers,
investigations of numerous noninvasive biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells and DNA, proteomics,
immunolomics, and radiomics, are underway. Radiomics encompasses the extraction and analysis of quantitative
imaging features. Along with summarizing the general framework of radiomics, this review synthesizes the state of
radiomics in HPB cancers, outlining its role in various aspects of management, present limitations, and future
applications for clinical integration. Current literature underscores the utility of radiomics in early detection, tumor
characterization, therapeutic selection, and prognostication for HPB cancers. Seeing as single-center, small studies
constitute the majority of radiomics literature, there is considerable heterogeneity with respect to steps of the
radiomics workflow such as segmentation, or delineation of the region of interest on a scan. Nonetheless, the
introduction of the radiomics quality score (RQS) demonstrates a step towards greater standardization and
reproducibility in the young field of radiomics. Altogether, in the setting of continually improving artificial

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
indicate if changes were made.

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