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Page 8 of 17 Hou et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023039 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.37

Figure 3. Multifunction of MOF-based flame retardants.

significantly enhanced under near-infrared light irradiation due to the photothermal effect of the silver
nanoparticles. The authors also demonstrated that the antibacterial activity of the nanosheets could be
[61]
further improved by increasing the silver content . This study provides a new strategy for the design and
development of antibacterial materials based on 2D MOF nanosheets modified with silver nanoparticles.
The use of near-infrared light to enhance the antibacterial activity of the material could have important
implications for the development of new antibacterial therapies.

Another potential application of MOFs is as UV stabilizers. UV stabilizers are compounds that are added to
polymers and plastics to protect them from the damaging effects of UV light, which can cause discoloration,
degradation, and ultimately failure of the material. MOFs can be functionalized with UV stabilizers to
improve their efficacy. Majidi et al. dispersed the GO nanoflakes in ethanol solvent and added the precursor
solution of ZIF-7. The mixture was then stirred and sonicated to ensure that the ZIF-7 coated the surface of
the GO nanoflakes. The resulting modified GO nanoflakes (GO-ZIF-7) were then incorporated into a
polyurethane clear-coating . The researchers tested the weathering resistance and UV-shielding properties
[62]
of the GO-ZIF-7-modified clear-coating and compared it to unmodified clear-coatings and coatings
containing unmodified GO nanoflakes. The results showed that the GO-ZIF-7 modified clear-coating had
significantly improved weathering resistance and UV-shielding properties compared to the other coatings.
The MOF coating on the GO nanoflakes helped to absorb UV radiation, preventing it from penetrating the
clear-coating and causing damage. Additionally, the MOF coating provided a barrier against other
environmental factors, further improving the longevity of the clear coating. Therefore, the functional MOFs
will continue to be developed in the future. In addition to their flame-retardant properties, MOF-based
flame retardants can also influence specific functionalities to everyday applications.

MOF-derived carbon materials are synthesized by heating MOFs under controlled conditions in the
absence of oxygen, resulting in the removal of the organic ligands and the formation of carbon
structures [63-66] . The resulting carbon materials inherit the unique properties of the original MOFs, such as
high surface area, tunable pore size, and surface functionality. The prospect of MOF-derived carbon
materials is significant due to their unique properties and potential applications. Some of the advantages of
these materials include: (1) High surface area: MOF-derived carbon materials have a high surface area due
to their porous nature, which makes them ideal for applications such as gas storage, catalysis, and energy
storage; (2) Tunable properties: By controlling the composition and pyrolysis conditions, the properties of